| Forma: | Accettata |
| Tipo Authority: | Autore ente |
| Date di nascita-morte: | 1826-1909 |
| Paese: | Stati Uniti |
| Biografia: | Julius Bien (1826-1909) was an American lithographic printer and cartographer who worked in New York City in the second half of the 19th century. He was responsible for the publication of thousands of maps issued by the U.S. government and private map publishers. He was a pioneer in the development of chromolithography. He is recognized as one of the finest map printers of his time.
Bien was born in Naumburg, Germany in 1826 and was educated at the Academy of Fine Arts in Cassel and at Stadel's Institute in Frankfurt. He became involved with the German revolution of 1848, which led to his immigration to America in 1849. He established a lithographic business in New York City in 1850 and continued it there for over 50 years. Bien was drawn to map publishing and was interested in improving the quality of map printing. He made maps for the growing western surveys including the Pacific Railroad Surveys, the census, the coast surveys, and provided maps during the Civil War. Although primarily a printer, he did publish later in his career several atlases. His deep interest and understanding of the science of printing make his productions exceptional. He was given numerous awards during his lifetime and was the first president of the National Lithographers Association. In addition to his cartographic productions, Bien issued exquisite chromolithographic reproductions of Audubon's Birds of America. |
| Note: | https://www.davidrumsey.com/blog/2009/9/13/julius-bien-master-engraver-and-cartographer
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