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Abstract/Sommario: Preface. Introduction -- Section 1: The 100 Best Astrophotography Targets. January - Mostly Nebulae -- February - Clusters and Nebulae -- March - Clusters and Galaxies -- April - Galaxy Pairs and Clusters -- May - Diversity of Galaxy Shapes -- June - Globular Clusters and More Galaxies -- July - Just Globular Clusters -- August - Planetary and Emission Nebulae -- September - Autumn Assortment -- October - Halloween Treats -- November - The Great Galaxies -- December - Celestial Potpour ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface. Introduction -- Section 1: The 100 Best Astrophotography Targets. January - Mostly Nebulae -- February - Clusters and Nebulae -- March - Clusters and Galaxies -- April - Galaxy Pairs and Clusters -- May - Diversity of Galaxy Shapes -- June - Globular Clusters and More Galaxies -- July - Just Globular Clusters -- August - Planetary and Emission Nebulae -- September - Autumn Assortment -- October - Halloween Treats -- November - The Great Galaxies -- December - Celestial Potpourri -- Section 2: Getting Started in CCD Imaging. Equipment for Astrophotography -- Acquiring the Image -- The Order of Image Processing -- Index -- Acknowledgements -- About the Author. - Astronomical observing and photography are favorite pastimes of yours. You want to combine the two, but you’re not sure how. Or perhaps you have dabbled in astronomy for a while and want to take another step. What do you photograph? Will something that looks amazing as you peer at it through a telescope look the same in a photograph? There are so many dazzling sights in the night sky. How to choose? Ruben Kier has some answers for you. With his technical expertise and wide experience as both a visual observer and a photographer, he can help you attain some of the best images you can imagine, perhaps ones you will want to send to a magazine or proudly put up on your website. And the secret is – it’s not that hard! It’s mostly a matter of choosing the right subjects and then doing the necessary post-processing to get results that will dazzle. So get out there on the next clear night and create something to show for your efforts. Your friends will be impressed, and you will be thrilled at how you are able to combine the two passions of your life into one

Abstract/Sommario: This book offers fascinating insights into the key technical and scientific developments in the history of radar, from the first patent, taken out by Hülsmeyer in 1904, through to the present day. Landmark events are highlighted and fascinating insights provided into the exceptional people who made possible the progress in the field, including the scientists and technologists who worked independently and under strict secrecy in various countries across the world in the 1930s and the bi ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book offers fascinating insights into the key technical and scientific developments in the history of radar, from the first patent, taken out by Hülsmeyer in 1904, through to the present day. Landmark events are highlighted and fascinating insights provided into the exceptional people who made possible the progress in the field, including the scientists and technologists who worked independently and under strict secrecy in various countries across the world in the 1930s and the big businessmen who played an important role after World War II. The book encourages multiple levels of reading. The author is a leading radar researcher who is ideally placed to offer a technical/scientific perspective as well as a historical one. He has taken care to structure and write the book in such a way as to appeal to both non-specialists and experts. The book is not sponsored by any company or body, either formally or informally, and is therefore entirely unbiased. The text is enriched by approximately three hundred images, most of which are original and have been accessed by detailed searches in the archives

Abstract/Sommario: 1D and 2D Kinematics -- Statics and Particle Dynamics -- Rotational Kinematics -- Rotational Dynamics -- Gravitation -- Oscillations -- Lagrange and Hamilton Dynamics -- Waves -- Fluid Dynamics -- Phases of Matter -- Thermal Physics -- Electrostatics -- Electric Circuits -- Electromagnetism -- Optics. - This book basically caters to the needs of undergraduate and graduate physics students in classical physics, especially Classical Mechanics and Electricity and Electromagnetism. Lecture ...; [Leggi tutto...] 1D and 2D Kinematics -- Statics and Particle Dynamics -- Rotational Kinematics -- Rotational Dynamics -- Gravitation -- Oscillations -- Lagrange and Hamilton Dynamics -- Waves -- Fluid Dynamics -- Phases of Matter -- Thermal Physics -- Electrostatics -- Electric Circuits -- Electromagnetism -- Optics. - This book basically caters to the needs of undergraduate and graduate physics students in classical physics, especially Classical Mechanics and Electricity and Electromagnetism. Lecturers/Tutors may use it as a resource book. The contents of the book are based on the syllabi currently used in the undergraduate courses in the USA, U.K., and other countries. The book consists of 15 chapters, each one beginning with a brief but adequate summary and necessary formulas and Line diagrams followed by a variety of typical problems useful for assignments and exams. Detailed solutions are provided at the end of each chapter

Abstract/Sommario: Preface -- Mathematical Physics -- Quantum Mechanics I -- Quantum Mechanics II -- Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics -- Solid State Physics -- Special Theory of Relativity -- Nuclear Physics I -- Nuclear PhysicsII -- Particle Physics I -- Particle Physics II. - This book basically caters to the needs of undergraduates and graduates physics students in the area of modern physics, specially particle and nuclear physics. Lecturers/tutors may use it as a resource book. The contents of ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface -- Mathematical Physics -- Quantum Mechanics I -- Quantum Mechanics II -- Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics -- Solid State Physics -- Special Theory of Relativity -- Nuclear Physics I -- Nuclear PhysicsII -- Particle Physics I -- Particle Physics II. - This book basically caters to the needs of undergraduates and graduates physics students in the area of modern physics, specially particle and nuclear physics. Lecturers/tutors may use it as a resource book. The contents of the book are based on the syllabi currently used in the undergraduate courses in USA, U.K., and other countries. The book is divided into 10 chapters, each chapter beginning with a brief but adequate summary and necessary formulas, tables and line diagrams followed by a variety of typical problems useful for assignments and exams. Detailed solutions are provided at the end of each chapter

Abstract/Sommario: Foreward -- Preface -- Acknowledgements.-Contents -- January -- February -- March -- April -- May -- June -- July -- August -- September -- October -- November -- December -- Index. - Many deep-sky objects that can appear quite wonderful in photographs can be hard to observe in the telescope. This book is your guide to the more interesting nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies, objects that will bring gasps when you see them through a telescope. Author Michael E. Bakich shows you how to ...; [Leggi tutto...] Foreward -- Preface -- Acknowledgements.-Contents -- January -- February -- March -- April -- May -- June -- July -- August -- September -- October -- November -- December -- Index. - Many deep-sky objects that can appear quite wonderful in photographs can be hard to observe in the telescope. This book is your guide to the more interesting nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies, objects that will bring gasps when you see them through a telescope. Author Michael E. Bakich shows you how to spot constellations you’ve heard of but haven’t been able to find. He gives you lists of bright deep-sky objects to target on clear nights. And he guides your search for the famous named splendors you’ve heard of — and perhaps seen a picture of — and would like to see through your own telescope. Bakich, an observer since he was in third grade, knows the sky better than most. In his current position as senior editor and also photo editor for the highly regarded Astronomy magazine, he has the technical expertise and finely honed communication skills to help you easily locate the best sites in the sky. His more than 250 astroimages help you identify the detail in these sky wonders. Bakich organizes his 1,001 objects according to their best viewing months, so anytime is a good time to pick up this book and start observing. As long as you know what month it is, just head for that chapter, set up your scope, and off you go!

Abstract/Sommario: This thesis describes longitudinal nuclear relaxation measurements of solid 129Xe near 77 K with previously unattainable reproducibility, and demonstrates differences in relaxation, dependent upon the way in which the solid is condensed. These results are directly applicable to the generation and storage of large quantities of hyperpolarized 129Xe for various applications, such as lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thesis features a sophisticated theoretical approach to these d ...; [Leggi tutto...] This thesis describes longitudinal nuclear relaxation measurements of solid 129Xe near 77 K with previously unattainable reproducibility, and demonstrates differences in relaxation, dependent upon the way in which the solid is condensed. These results are directly applicable to the generation and storage of large quantities of hyperpolarized 129Xe for various applications, such as lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thesis features a sophisticated theoretical approach to these data sets, including modifications to a well-established Raman-phonon scattering theory that may explain the larger scatter in and discrepancies with previous work

Abstract/Sommario: These proceedings collect the selected contributions of participants of the First Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational Physics, held in Frankfurt, Germany to celebrate the 140th anniversary of Schwarzschild's birth. They are grouped into 4 main themes: I. The Life and Work of Karl Schwarzschild; II. Black Holes in Classical General Relativity, Numerical Relativity, Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Alternative Theories of Gravity; III. Black Holes in Quantum Gravity and String Theory ...; [Leggi tutto...] These proceedings collect the selected contributions of participants of the First Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational Physics, held in Frankfurt, Germany to celebrate the 140th anniversary of Schwarzschild's birth. They are grouped into 4 main themes: I. The Life and Work of Karl Schwarzschild; II. Black Holes in Classical General Relativity, Numerical Relativity, Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Alternative Theories of Gravity; III. Black Holes in Quantum Gravity and String Theory; IV. Other Topics in Contemporary Gravitation. Inspired by the foundational principle ``By acknowledging the past, we open a route to the future",  the week-long meeting, envisioned as a forum for exchange between scientists from all locations and levels of education, drew participants from 15 countries across 4 continents. In addition to plenary talks from leading researchers, a special focus on young talent was provided, a feature underlined by the Springer Prize for the best student and junior presentations

Abstract/Sommario: Part I Introduction -- Part II Session 1: Optical Spectro-Imagers -- Part III Session 2: Optical Multi-object Spectrographs -- Part IV Session 3: Near-IR and mid-IR Spectro-Imagers -- Part V Session 4: Data Flow and Data Reduction Software -- Part VI Session 5: Adaptive Optics Instruments -- Part VII Session 6: Integral Field Spectroscopy -- Part VIII Session 7: High Resolution Spectroscopy -- Part IX Session 8: Atmospheric Effects -- Part X Session 9: Interferometric Instrumentation - ...; [Leggi tutto...] Part I Introduction -- Part II Session 1: Optical Spectro-Imagers -- Part III Session 2: Optical Multi-object Spectrographs -- Part IV Session 3: Near-IR and mid-IR Spectro-Imagers -- Part V Session 4: Data Flow and Data Reduction Software -- Part VI Session 5: Adaptive Optics Instruments -- Part VII Session 6: Integral Field Spectroscopy -- Part VIII Session 7: High Resolution Spectroscopy -- Part IX Session 8: Atmospheric Effects -- Part X Session 9: Interferometric Instrumentation -- Part XI Session 10: Polarimetry -- Part XII Session 11: Wide Field Imagers -- Part XIII Workshop Summary. - The 2007 ESO Instrument Calibration workshop brought together more than 120 participants with the objective to a) foster the sharing of information, experience and techniques between observers, instrument developers and instrument operation teams, b) review the actual precision and limitations of the applied instrument calibration plans, and c) collect the current and future requirements by the ESO users. These present proceedings include the majority of the workshop’s contributions and document the status quo of instrument calibration at ESO in large detail. Topics covered are: Optical Spectro-Imagers, Optical Multi-Object Spectrographs, NIR and MIR Spectro-Imagers, High-Resolution Spectrographs, Integral Field Spectrographs, Adaptive Optics Instruments, Polarimetric Instruments, Wide Field Imagers, Interferometric Instruments as well as other crucial aspects such as data flow, quality control, data reduction software and atmospheric effects. It was stated in the workshop that "calibration is a life-long learning process''. In this sense, this book will be a reference point for all future efforts to improve instrument calibration procedures in astronomy

Abstract/Sommario: This proceedings present the results of the 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW29) which was held in Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., from July 14 to July 19, 2013. It was organized by the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, which is part of the College of Engineering of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The ISSW29 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reactive Flows, Detonation and Combustion,  Facilities, Flow Visualization, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impac ...; [Leggi tutto...] This proceedings present the results of the 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW29) which was held in Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., from July 14 to July 19, 2013. It was organized by the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, which is part of the College of Engineering of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The ISSW29 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reactive Flows, Detonation and Combustion,  Facilities, Flow Visualization, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Industrial Applications, Magnetohydrodynamics, Medical and Biological Applications, Nozzle Flow, Numerical Methods, Plasmas, Propulsion, Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability, Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction, Shock Propagation and Reflection, Shock Vortex Interaction, Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Shock Waves in Multiphase Flow, as well as Shock Waves in Rarefield Flow. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 29 and individuals interested in these fields

Abstract/Sommario: This proceedings present the results of the 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW29) which was held in Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., from July 14 to July 19, 2013. It was organized by the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, which is part of the College of Engineering of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The ISSW29 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reactive Flows, Detonation and Combustion,  Facilities, Flow Visualization, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impac ...; [Leggi tutto...] This proceedings present the results of the 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW29) which was held in Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., from July 14 to July 19, 2013. It was organized by the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, which is part of the College of Engineering of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The ISSW29 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reactive Flows, Detonation and Combustion,  Facilities, Flow Visualization, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Industrial Applications, Magnetohydrodynamics, Medical and Biological Applications, Nozzle Flow, Numerical Methods, Plasmas, Propulsion, Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability, Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction, Shock Propagation and Reflection, Shock Vortex Interaction, Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Shock Waves in Multiphase Flow, as well as Shock Waves in Rarefield Flow. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 29 and individuals interested in these fields

Abstract/Sommario: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis -- Neutrino Physics -- Non-explosive Nucleosynthesis -- Explosive Nucleosynthesis -- Cross-Section Measurements and Nuclear Data for Astrophysics -- Nuclear Structure Far from Stability -- Perspectives of Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics. - Launched in 2004, "Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics" has established itself in a successful topical conference series addressing the forefront of research in the field. This volume contains the selected and refereed papers of ...; [Leggi tutto...] Big Bang Nucleosynthesis -- Neutrino Physics -- Non-explosive Nucleosynthesis -- Explosive Nucleosynthesis -- Cross-Section Measurements and Nuclear Data for Astrophysics -- Nuclear Structure Far from Stability -- Perspectives of Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics. - Launched in 2004, "Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics" has established itself in a successful topical conference series addressing the forefront of research in the field. This volume contains the selected and refereed papers of the 2nd conference, held in Debrecen in 2005 and reprinted from "The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei"

Abstract/Sommario: The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy and Microanalysis Congress & Exhibition (InterM 2014) was held on 16–19 October 2014 in Oludeniz, Fethiye/ Mugla, Turkey. The aim of the congress was to gather scientists from various branches and discuss the latest improvements in the field of microscopy. The focus of the congress has been widened in an "interdisciplinary" manner, so as to allow all scientists working on several related subjects to participate and present their wo ...; [Leggi tutto...] The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy and Microanalysis Congress & Exhibition (InterM 2014) was held on 16–19 October 2014 in Oludeniz, Fethiye/ Mugla, Turkey. The aim of the congress was to gather scientists from various branches and discuss the latest improvements in the field of microscopy. The focus of the congress has been widened in an "interdisciplinary" manner, so as to allow all scientists working on several related subjects to participate and present their work. These proceedings include 33 peer-reviewed technical papers, submitted by leading academic and research institutions from over 17 countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available. The papers were presented at the congress in the following sessions: ·         Applications of Microscopy in the Physical Sciences ·         Applications of Microscopy in the Biological Sciences

Abstract/Sommario: Proceedings from the 2013 LTEC conference in Kaohsiung,Taiwan. The papers examine diverse aspects of Learning Technology for Education in Cloud environments, including social, technical and infrastructure implications. Also addressed is the question of how cloud computing can be used to design applications to support real time on demand learning using technologies. The workshop proceedings provide opportunities for delegates to discuss the latest research in TEL (Technology Enhanced Le ...; [Leggi tutto...] Proceedings from the 2013 LTEC conference in Kaohsiung,Taiwan. The papers examine diverse aspects of Learning Technology for Education in Cloud environments, including social, technical and infrastructure implications. Also addressed is the question of how cloud computing can be used to design applications to support real time on demand learning using technologies. The workshop proceedings provide opportunities for delegates to discuss the latest research in TEL (Technology Enhanced Learning) and its impacts for learners and institutions, using cloud technolgies

Abstract/Sommario: Basic Differential Geometry -- Geometry of Hypersurfaces -- Geometry of Foliations -- 3+1 decomposition of Einstein Equation -- 3+1 Equations for Matter and Electromagnetic Field -- Conformal Decompositon -- Asymptotic Flatness and Global Quantities -- The Initial Data Problem -- Choice of Foliation and Spatial Coordiinates -- Evolution Schemes -- Conformal Killing Operator and Conformal Vector Laplacian -- Sage Codes. - This graduate-level, course-based text is devoted to the 3+1 form ...; [Leggi tutto...] Basic Differential Geometry -- Geometry of Hypersurfaces -- Geometry of Foliations -- 3+1 decomposition of Einstein Equation -- 3+1 Equations for Matter and Electromagnetic Field -- Conformal Decompositon -- Asymptotic Flatness and Global Quantities -- The Initial Data Problem -- Choice of Foliation and Spatial Coordiinates -- Evolution Schemes -- Conformal Killing Operator and Conformal Vector Laplacian -- Sage Codes. - This graduate-level, course-based text is devoted to the 3+1 formalism of general relativity, which also constitutes the theoretical foundations of numerical relativity. The book starts by establishing the mathematical background (differential geometry, hypersurfaces embedded in space-time, foliation of space-time by a family of space-like hypersurfaces), and then turns to the 3+1 decomposition of the Einstein equations, giving rise to the Cauchy problem with constraints, which constitutes the core of 3+1 formalism. The ADM Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity is also introduced at this stage. Finally, the decomposition of the matter and electromagnetic field equations is presented, focusing on the astrophysically relevant cases of a perfect fluid and a perfect conductor (ideal magnetohydrodynamics). The second part of the book introduces more advanced topics: the conformal transformation of the 3-metric on each hypersurface and the corresponding rewriting of the 3+1 Einstein equations, the Isenberg-Wilson-Mathews approximation to general relativity, global quantities associated with asymptotic flatness (ADM mass, linear and angular momentum) and with symmetries (Komar mass and angular momentum). In the last part, the initial data problem is studied, the choice of spacetime coordinates within the 3+1 framework is discussed and various schemes for the time integration of the 3+1 Einstein equations are reviewed. The prerequisites are those of a basic general relativity course with calculations and derivations presented in detail, making this text complete and self-contained. Numerical techniques are not covered in this book

Abstract/Sommario: Preface -- Part I: Introduction -- The Observing Project: An Overview -- Objects Chosen and Mode of Observing -- Verbal Descriptions vs. Illustrations -- Instrumentation -- The GC/NGC Descriptions and the Herschels -- Observational Parameters in the Descriptions of This Catalogue -- The Visual Appearance of Deep-Sky Objects -- Binocular Vision -- How to Use this Catalogue -- Part II: The Catalogue -- 0-6 hours: Fall -- 6-12 hours: Winter -- 12-18 hours: Spring -- 18-24 hours: Summer -- ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface -- Part I: Introduction -- The Observing Project: An Overview -- Objects Chosen and Mode of Observing -- Verbal Descriptions vs. Illustrations -- Instrumentation -- The GC/NGC Descriptions and the Herschels -- Observational Parameters in the Descriptions of This Catalogue -- The Visual Appearance of Deep-Sky Objects -- Binocular Vision -- How to Use this Catalogue -- Part II: The Catalogue -- 0-6 hours: Fall -- 6-12 hours: Winter -- 12-18 hours: Spring -- 18-24 hours: Summer -- Appendix A: Making a Sky Atlas -- Appendix B: Notes on Object Descriptions -- Appendix C: The Visibility of Galatic Detail -- Appendix D: Building a Binocular Telescope -- Acknowledgements -- Index. - The Annotated Catalog of 3,000 Deep-Sky Objects is a record of the most extensive and systematic visual survey of the sky done in modern times. The 3,000 deep-sky objects listed contain short descriptions of what these objects look like in the author’s powerful binocular telescope. Objects in the book are organized by position for easy identification of unknown targets. Full indexes by catalog numbers and names allow searches for specific objects. Descriptions of objects are better than photographs for identifying deep-sky objects because the visual appearance never matches the photographic image. Nor are sketches entirely satisfactory because there is a strong unconscious tendency to draw what the observer remembers from photographs of objects. Compared to other astronomical guidebooks this book contains by far the largest number of objects viewed through a 10- to 14-inch telescope and is a ‘must-have’ for serious amateur and professional observers

Abstract/Sommario: The master thesis of Johanna Maria Ticar reveals high-resolution insights into the myocardial microstructure and illustrates that cardiac muscle fibers are straight, running in parallel with one preferred fiber direction, however, deposits such as fat seem to compromise the regular and compact structure. Second harmonic generation imaging combined with optical tissue clearing is an accurate method for determining the three-dimensional muscle fiber and sheet orientations and hence, allo ...; [Leggi tutto...] The master thesis of Johanna Maria Ticar reveals high-resolution insights into the myocardial microstructure and illustrates that cardiac muscle fibers are straight, running in parallel with one preferred fiber direction, however, deposits such as fat seem to compromise the regular and compact structure. Second harmonic generation imaging combined with optical tissue clearing is an accurate method for determining the three-dimensional muscle fiber and sheet orientations and hence, allows the calculation of fiber rotation throughout the ventricle wall. Contents  Structure of the Human Myocardium  Imaging Tools for Fiber Mapping  Optical Tissue Clearing  Second Harmonic Generation Imaging  3D Reconstruction and Visualization Target Groups  Researchers and Students in the field of Biomedical Engineering with a focus on Bioengineering and Biomechanics  Professionals in the field of Biomedicine The Author Johanna Maria Ticar, MSc, studied Biomedical Engineering at Graz University of Technology. Her research interests are the microstructure of the human body, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, foremost in the field of cardiology

Abstract/Sommario: The 3rd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy Congress (InterM2015), held from 19 to 23 October 2015, focused on the latest developments concerning applications of microscopy in the biological, physical and chemical sciences at all dimensional scales, advances in instrumentation, techniques in and educational materials on microscopy. These proceedings gather 17 peer-reviewed technical papers submitted by leading academic and research institutions from nine countries and representi ...; [Leggi tutto...] The 3rd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy Congress (InterM2015), held from 19 to 23 October 2015, focused on the latest developments concerning applications of microscopy in the biological, physical and chemical sciences at all dimensional scales, advances in instrumentation, techniques in and educational materials on microscopy. These proceedings gather 17 peer-reviewed technical papers submitted by leading academic and research institutions from nine countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available

Abstract/Sommario: This volume contains selected and expanded contributions presented at the 3rd Symposium on Space Optical Instruments and Applications in Beijing, China June 28 – 29, 2016. This conference series is organised by the Sino-Holland Space Optical Instruments Laboratory, a cooperation platform between China and the Netherlands. The symposium focused on key technological problems of optical instruments and their applications in a space context. It covered the latest developments, experiments ...; [Leggi tutto...] This volume contains selected and expanded contributions presented at the 3rd Symposium on Space Optical Instruments and Applications in Beijing, China June 28 – 29, 2016. This conference series is organised by the Sino-Holland Space Optical Instruments Laboratory, a cooperation platform between China and the Netherlands. The symposium focused on key technological problems of optical instruments and their applications in a space context. It covered the latest developments, experiments and results regarding theory, instrumentation and applications in space optics. The book is split across five topical sections. The first section covers space optical remote sensing system design, the second advanced optical system design, the third remote sensor calibration and measurement. Remote sensing data processing and information extraction is then presented, followed by a final section on remote sensing data applications.

Abstract/Sommario: These papers on Intelligent Data Analysis and Management (IDAM) examine issues related to the research and applications of Artificial Intelligence techniques in data analysis and management across a variety of disciplines. The papers derive from the 2013 IDAM conference in Kaohsiung ,Taiwan. It is an interdisciplinary research field involving academic researchers in information technologies, computer science, public policy, bioinformatics, medical informatics, and social and behavior s ...; [Leggi tutto...] These papers on Intelligent Data Analysis and Management (IDAM) examine issues related to the research and applications of Artificial Intelligence techniques in data analysis and management across a variety of disciplines. The papers derive from the 2013 IDAM conference in Kaohsiung ,Taiwan. It is an interdisciplinary research field involving academic researchers in information technologies, computer science, public policy, bioinformatics, medical informatics, and social and behavior studies, etc. The techniques studied include (but are not limited to): data visualization, data pre-processing, data engineering, database mining techniques, tools and applications, evolutionary algorithms, machine learning, neural nets, fuzzy logic, statistical pattern recognition, knowledge filtering, and post-processing, etc

Abstract/Sommario: 4D Image Acquisition -- Motion Estimation and Modeling -- Modeling of Motion Variability -- Applications of Motion Estimation Algorithms -- Outlook. - Respiratory motion causes an important uncertainty in radiotherapy planning of the thorax and upper abdomen. The main objective of radiation therapy is to eradicate or shrink tumor cells without damaging the surrounding tissue by delivering a high radiation dose to the tumor region and a dose as low as possible to healthy organ tissues. ...; [Leggi tutto...] 4D Image Acquisition -- Motion Estimation and Modeling -- Modeling of Motion Variability -- Applications of Motion Estimation Algorithms -- Outlook. - Respiratory motion causes an important uncertainty in radiotherapy planning of the thorax and upper abdomen. The main objective of radiation therapy is to eradicate or shrink tumor cells without damaging the surrounding tissue by delivering a high radiation dose to the tumor region and a dose as low as possible to healthy organ tissues. Meeting this demand remains a challenge especially in case of lung tumors due to breathing-induced tumor and organ motion where motion amplitudes can measure up to several centimeters. Therefore, modeling of respiratory motion has become increasingly important in radiation therapy. With 4D imaging techniques spatiotemporal image sequences can be acquired to investigate dynamic processes in the patient’s body. Furthermore, image registration enables the estimation of the breathing-induced motion and the description of the temporal change in position and shape of the structures of interest by establishing the correspondence between images acquired at different phases of the breathing cycle. In radiation therapy these motion estimations are used to define accurate treatment margins, e.g. to calculate dose distributions and to develop prediction models for gated or robotic radiotherapy. In this book, the increasing role of image registration and motion estimation algorithms for the interpretation of complex 4D medical image sequences is illustrated. Different 4D CT image acquisition techniques and conceptually different motion estimation algorithms are presented. The clinical relevance is demonstrated by means of example applications which are related to the radiation therapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. The state of the art and perspectives are shown by an insight into the current field of research. The book is addressed to biomedical engineers, medical physicists, researchers and physicians working in the fields of medical image analysis, radiology and radiation therapy

Abstract/Sommario: The International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM) has gained the status of the premier meeting for the physics of nuclei far from stability. The selected and refereed papers presenting the main results constitute valuable proceedings that offer everyone working in this field an authoritative and comprehensive source of reference

Abstract/Sommario: The years 2012/2013 mark the 50th anniversary of the theoretical prediction that Brown Dwarfs, i.e. degenerate objects which are just not massive enough to sustain stable hydrogen fusion, exist. Some 20 years after their discovery, how Brown Dwarfs form is still one of the main open questions in the theory of star formation. In this volume, the pioneers of Brown Dwarf research review the history of the theoretical prediction and the subsequent discovery of Brown Dwarfs. After an introd ...; [Leggi tutto...] The years 2012/2013 mark the 50th anniversary of the theoretical prediction that Brown Dwarfs, i.e. degenerate objects which are just not massive enough to sustain stable hydrogen fusion, exist. Some 20 years after their discovery, how Brown Dwarfs form is still one of the main open questions in the theory of star formation. In this volume, the pioneers of Brown Dwarf research review the history of the theoretical prediction and the subsequent discovery of Brown Dwarfs. After an introduction, written by Viki Joergens, reviewing Shiv Kumar's theoretical prediction of the existence of brown dwarfs, Takenori Nakano reviews his and Hayashi's calculation of the Hydrogen Burning Minimum Mass. Both predictions happened in the early 1960s. Jill Tarter then writes on the introduction of the term 'Brown Dwarf', before Ben Oppenheimer, Rafael Rebolo and Gibor Basri describe their first discovery of Brown Dwarfs in the 1990s. Lastly, Michael Cushing and Isabelle Baraffe describe the development of the field to the current state of the art. While the book is mainly aimed at the Brown Dwarf research community, the description of the pioneering period in a scientific field will attract general readers interested in astronomy as well

Abstract/Sommario: The proceedings from the  eighth KMO conference represent the findings of this international meeting which brought together researchers and developers from industry and the academic world to report on the latest scientific and technical advances on knowledge management in organizations. This conference provided an international forum for authors to present and discuss research focused on the role of knowledge management for innovative services in industries, to shed light on recent adv ...; [Leggi tutto...] The proceedings from the  eighth KMO conference represent the findings of this international meeting which brought together researchers and developers from industry and the academic world to report on the latest scientific and technical advances on knowledge management in organizations. This conference provided an international forum for authors to present and discuss research focused on the role of knowledge management for innovative services in industries, to shed light on recent advances in social and big data computing for KM as well as to identify future directions for researching the role of knowledge management in service innovation and how cloud computing can be used to address many of the issues currently facing KM in academia and industrial sectors

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction and Review -- Introduction -- Basic Properties of QCD -- Basics of QCD Sum Rules -- The Maximum Entropy Method -- Applications -- MEM Analysis of the ρ Meson Sum Rule -- MEM Analysis of the Nucleon Sum Rule -- Quarkonium Spectra at finite Temperature from QCD Sum Rules and MEM.-  Concluding Remarks -- Summary, Conclusion and Outlook -- Appendix. - The author develops a novel analysis method for QCD sum rules (QCDSR) by applying the maximum entropy method (MEM) to arrive at ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction and Review -- Introduction -- Basic Properties of QCD -- Basics of QCD Sum Rules -- The Maximum Entropy Method -- Applications -- MEM Analysis of the ρ Meson Sum Rule -- MEM Analysis of the Nucleon Sum Rule -- Quarkonium Spectra at finite Temperature from QCD Sum Rules and MEM.-  Concluding Remarks -- Summary, Conclusion and Outlook -- Appendix. - The author develops a novel analysis method for QCD sum rules (QCDSR) by applying the maximum entropy method (MEM) to arrive at an analysis with less artificial assumptions than previously held. This is a first-time accomplishment in the field. In this thesis, a reformed MEM for QCDSR is formalized and is applied to the sum rules of several channels: the light-quark meson in the vector channel, the light-quark baryon channel with spin and isospin 1/2, and several quarkonium channels at both zero and finite temperatures. This novel technique of combining QCDSR with MEM is applied to the study of quarkonium in hot matter, which is an important probe of the quark-gluon plasma currently being created in heavy-ion collision experiments at RHIC and LHC

Abstract/Sommario: Radio Astronomy Studies at the Lebedev Physical Institute -- Radio Astronomy Studies in Gorkii -- Radio Astronomy at GAISH and IKI -- GAO Department of Radio Astronomy -- Radio Astronomy at the SAO -- Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory and other Armenian Organisations -- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory -- Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR -- IRE of the USSR Academy of Sciences -- IZMIRAN -- SibIZMIRAN -- The RO of the Latvian Academy of Sciences -- Leningrad State University - ...; [Leggi tutto...] Radio Astronomy Studies at the Lebedev Physical Institute -- Radio Astronomy Studies in Gorkii -- Radio Astronomy at GAISH and IKI -- GAO Department of Radio Astronomy -- Radio Astronomy at the SAO -- Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory and other Armenian Organisations -- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory -- Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR -- IRE of the USSR Academy of Sciences -- IZMIRAN -- SibIZMIRAN -- The RO of the Latvian Academy of Sciences -- Leningrad State University -- Figure Captions. - This translation from Russian makes the history of radio astronomy in the USSR available in the English language for the first time. The book includes descriptions of the antennas and instrumentation used in the USSR, the astronomical discoveries, as well as interesting personal backgrounds of many of the early key players in Soviet radio astronomy. A Brief History of Radio Astronomy in the USSR is a collection of memoirs recounting an interesting but largely still dark era of Soviet astronomy. The arrangement of the essays is determined primarily by the time when radio astronomy studies began at the institutions involved. These include the Lebedev Physical Institute (FIAN), Gorkii State University and the affiliated Physical-Technical Institute (GIFTI), Moscow State University Sternberg Astronomical institute (GAISH) and Space Research Institute (IKI), the Department of Radio Astronomy of the Main Astronomical Observatory in Pulkovo (GAO), Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO), Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian (SSR), Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IRE), Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere and Radio-Wave Propagation Institute (IZMIRAN), Siberian Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere and Radio-Wave Propagation (SibIZMIRAN), the Radio Astrophysical Observatory of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and Leningrad State University. A Brief History of Radio Astronomy in the USSR is a fascinating source of information on a past era of scientific culture and fields of research including the Soviet SETI activities. Anyone interested in the recent history of science will enjoy reading this volume

Abstract/Sommario: During its forty year lifespan, string theory has always had the power to divide, being called both a 'theory of everything' and a 'theory of nothing'. Critics have even questioned whether it qualifies as a scientific theory at all. This book adopts an objective stance, standing back from the question of the truth or falsity of string theory and instead focusing on how it came to be and how it came to occupy its present position in physics. An unexpectedly rich history is revealed, wit ...; [Leggi tutto...] During its forty year lifespan, string theory has always had the power to divide, being called both a 'theory of everything' and a 'theory of nothing'. Critics have even questioned whether it qualifies as a scientific theory at all. This book adopts an objective stance, standing back from the question of the truth or falsity of string theory and instead focusing on how it came to be and how it came to occupy its present position in physics. An unexpectedly rich history is revealed, with deep connections to our most well-established physical theories. Fully self-contained and written in a lively fashion, the book will appeal to a wide variety of readers from novice to specialist

Abstract/Sommario: Amateur astronomers of all skill levels are always contemplating their next telescope, and this book points the way to the most suitable instruments. Similarly, those who are buying their first telescopes – and these days not necessarily a low-cost one – will be able to compare and contrast different types and manufacturers. This revised new guide provides an extensive overview of binoculars and telescopes. It includes detailed up-to-date information on sources, selection and use of vi ...; [Leggi tutto...] Amateur astronomers of all skill levels are always contemplating their next telescope, and this book points the way to the most suitable instruments. Similarly, those who are buying their first telescopes – and these days not necessarily a low-cost one – will be able to compare and contrast different types and manufacturers. This revised new guide provides an extensive overview of binoculars and telescopes. It includes detailed up-to-date information on sources, selection and use of virtually every major type, brand, and model on today’s market, a truly invaluable treasure-trove of information and helpful advice for all amateur astronomers. Originally written in 2006, much of the first edition is inevitably now out of date, as equipment advances and manufacturers come and go. This second edition not only updates all the existing sections but adds two new ones: Astro-imaging and Professional-Amateur collaboration. Thanks to the rapid and amazing developments that have been made in digital cameras it is easily possible to image all sorts of astronomical objects and fields. Selecting the right device for a variety of purposes can be an overwhelming task in a market crowded with observing options, but this comprehensive guide clarifies the process. Anyone planning to purchase binoculars or telescopes for astronomy – whether as a first instrument or as an upgrade to the next level – will find this book a treasure-trove of information and advice. It also supplies the reader with many useful hints and tips on using astronomical telescopes or binoculars to get the best possible results

Abstract/Sommario: Shortly after its inauguration in 1985 the Birla Science Centre, Hyderabad, India, started a series of lectures by Nobel Laureates and other scientists of international renown, usually in Physics and Astronomy, sometimes in Life Sciences and Chemistry. The present collection mostly consists of lectures on frontier topics. The transcript of each lecture is preceded by a short biography of the Nobel Laureate/Scientist in question. The lectures are aimed at, and accessible to a wide non-s ...; [Leggi tutto...] Shortly after its inauguration in 1985 the Birla Science Centre, Hyderabad, India, started a series of lectures by Nobel Laureates and other scientists of international renown, usually in Physics and Astronomy, sometimes in Life Sciences and Chemistry. The present collection mostly consists of lectures on frontier topics. The transcript of each lecture is preceded by a short biography of the Nobel Laureate/Scientist in question. The lectures are aimed at, and accessible to a wide non-specialist but higher educated audience

Abstract/Sommario: This book explores combinatorial problems and insights in quantum field theory. It is not comprehensive, but rather takes a tour, shaped by the author’s biases, through some of the important ways that a combinatorial perspective can be brought to bear on quantum field theory. Among the outcomes are both physical insights and interesting mathematics. The book begins by thinking of perturbative expansions as kinds of generating functions and then introduces renormalization Hopf algebras. ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book explores combinatorial problems and insights in quantum field theory. It is not comprehensive, but rather takes a tour, shaped by the author’s biases, through some of the important ways that a combinatorial perspective can be brought to bear on quantum field theory. Among the outcomes are both physical insights and interesting mathematics. The book begins by thinking of perturbative expansions as kinds of generating functions and then introduces renormalization Hopf algebras. The remainder is broken into two parts. The first part looks at Dyson-Schwinger equations, stepping gradually from the purely combinatorial to the more physical. The second part looks at Feynman graphs and their periods. The flavour of the book will appeal to mathematicians with a combinatorics background as well as mathematical physicists and other mathematicians

Abstract/Sommario: Preface -- Timeline -- Dictionary -- Index. - Astronomy and Astrophysics is a comprehensive, fundamental, up-to-date reference book. It is filled with vital information and basic facts for amateur astronomers and professional astrophysicists, and for anyone interested in the Universe, from the Earth and other planets to the stars, galaxies and beyond. Although serious and thorough, the language, and ideas will attract the general reader, as well as students and professionals. Astronomy ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface -- Timeline -- Dictionary -- Index. - Astronomy and Astrophysics is a comprehensive, fundamental, up-to-date reference book. It is filled with vital information and basic facts for amateur astronomers and professional astrophysicists, and for anyone interested in the Universe, from the Earth and other planets to the stars, galaxies and beyond. Although serious and thorough, the language, and ideas will attract the general reader, as well as students and professionals. Astronomy and Astrophysics consists of two main parts, a Timeline and a Dictionary. The Timeline is a concise history, arranged chronologically, which provides the complete story of cosmic discovery from early Chinese and Greek astronomy to the latest findings of modern astrophysics and robotic spacecraft. It provides a sense of destination and flow in our growing awareness of the Universe. Each entry in the unfolding narrative is written in a concise, light and friendly style that will be appreciated by all, without being weighted down with incomprehensible specialized terms. The story of science is one of individuals, as well as discoveries and ideas. So our Timeline includes the people who have made major scientific contributions that are related to astronomy, and astrophysics. The Dictionary defines all terms and acronyms that deal with our celestial science, from important concepts to individual objects and space missions. It is arranged alphabetically and complemented by numerous tables of fundamental data for bright cosmic objects, including the celestial coordinates required to observe them. Line drawings are also used to forcefully compact a scientific insight, with clear labels and captions. An exceptionally thorough Index cross-references concepts, discoveries and individuals in both the Timeline and Dictionary. The combined result is a unique, comprehensive, stand-alone reference volume in which the reader can quickly locate information, while also discovering new and unexpected knowledge. Astronomy and Astrophysics is therefore an indispensable book for any library and all persons interested in astronomy and astrophysics, as well as the related fields of cosmology, geology and physics. Kenneth R. Lang is known for his famous, widely used reference books Astrophysical Formulae I, II, published in their third edition in 1995 by Springer-Verlag. He is also a writer of prize-winning science books that have a broad readership, including amateurs, experts and the educated layperson. Some of these popular books, which include Sun, Earth and Sky, Wanderers in Space, the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Sun and the Cambridge Guide to the Solar System, have been translated into seven languages

Abstract/Sommario: From the contents: From Astrometry to Celestial Mechanics: Orbit Determination with Very Short Arcs -- On the stability regions of the Trojan asteroids -- Formal Integrals and Nekhoroshev Stability in a Mapping Model for the Trojan Asteroids -- The Observed Trojans and the Global Dynamics Around the Lagrangian Points of the Sun–Jupiter System -- Chaotic Diffusion and Effective Stability of Jupiter Trojans -- Analytical Proper Elements for the Hilda Asteroids I: Construction of a Formal ...; [Leggi tutto...] From the contents: From Astrometry to Celestial Mechanics: Orbit Determination with Very Short Arcs -- On the stability regions of the Trojan asteroids -- Formal Integrals and Nekhoroshev Stability in a Mapping Model for the Trojan Asteroids -- The Observed Trojans and the Global Dynamics Around the Lagrangian Points of the Sun–Jupiter System -- Chaotic Diffusion and Effective Stability of Jupiter Trojans -- Analytical Proper Elements for the Hilda Asteroids I: Construction of a Formal Solutions -- Stability of Co-orbital Motion in Exoplanetary Systems -- The General Solution of the Planar Laplace Problem -- Dynamics of 2/1 Resonant Extrasolar Systems Application to HD82943 and GLIESE876 -- Global Dynamics in Self-Consistent Models of Elliptical Galaxies -- Chaotic Motions in the Field of Two Fixed Black Holes -- Discrete Virial Theorem -- Local and Global Diffusion Along Resonant Lines in Discrete Quasi-Integrable Dynamical Systems -- The Role of Hyperbolic Invariant Sets in Stickiness Effects -- Stellar-Planetary Relations: Atmospheric Stability as a Prerequisite for Planetary Habitability -- Dynamic Habitability of Extrasolar Planetary Systems. - The papers in this volume cover a wide range of subjects covering the most recent developments in Celestial Mechanics from the theoretical point of nonlinear dynamical systems to the application to real problems. We emphasize the papers on the formation of planetary systems, their stability and also the problem of habitable zones in extrasolar planetary systems. A special topic is the stability of Trojans in our planetary system, where more and more realistic dynamical models are used to explain their complex motions: besides the important contribution from the theoretical point of view, the results of several numerical experiments unraveled the structure of the stable zone around the librations points. This volume will be of interest to astronomers and mathematicians interested in Hamiltonian mechanics and in the dynamics of planetary systems

Abstract/Sommario: The process of breaking up a physical domain into smaller sub-domains, known as meshing, facilitates the numerical solution of partial differential equations used to simulate physical systems. This monograph gives a detailed treatment of applications of geometric methods to advanced grid technology. It focuses on and describes a comprehensive approach based on the numerical solution of inverted Beltramian and diffusion equations with respect to monitor metrics for generating both struc ...; [Leggi tutto...] The process of breaking up a physical domain into smaller sub-domains, known as meshing, facilitates the numerical solution of partial differential equations used to simulate physical systems. This monograph gives a detailed treatment of applications of geometric methods to advanced grid technology. It focuses on and describes a comprehensive approach based on the numerical solution of inverted Beltramian and diffusion equations with respect to monitor metrics for generating both structured and unstructured grids in domains and on surfaces. In this second edition the author takes a more detailed and practice-oriented approach towards explaining how to implement the method by: Employing geometric and numerical analyses of monitor metrics as the basis for developing efficient tools for controlling grid properties. Describing new grid generation codes based on finite differences for generating both structured and unstructured surface and domain grids. Providing examples of applications of the codes to the generation of adaptive, field-aligned, and balanced grids, to the solutions of CFD and magnetized plasmas problems. The book addresses both scientists and practitioners in applied mathematics and numerical solution of field problems

Abstract/Sommario: This work presents a computational program based on the principles of non-commutative geometry and showcases several applications to topological insulators. Noncommutative geometry has been originally proposed by Jean Bellissard as a theoretical framework for the investigation of homogeneous condensed matter systems. Recently, this approach has been successfully applied to topological insulators, where it facilitated many rigorous results concerning the stability of the topological inv ...; [Leggi tutto...] This work presents a computational program based on the principles of non-commutative geometry and showcases several applications to topological insulators. Noncommutative geometry has been originally proposed by Jean Bellissard as a theoretical framework for the investigation of homogeneous condensed matter systems. Recently, this approach has been successfully applied to topological insulators, where it facilitated many rigorous results concerning the stability of the topological invariants against disorder. In the first part of the book the notion of a homogeneous material is introduced and the class of disordered crystals defined together with the classification table, which conjectures all topological phases from this class. The manuscript continues with a discussion of electrons’ dynamics in disordered crystals and the theory of topological invariants in the presence of strong disorder is briefly reviewed. It is shown how all this can be captured in the language of noncommutative geometry using the concept of non-commutative Brillouin torus, and a list of known formulas for various physical response functions is presented. In the second part, auxiliary algebras are introduced and a canonical finite-volume approximation of the non-commutative Brillouin torus is developed. Explicit numerical algorithms for computing generic correlation functions are discussed. In the third part upper bounds on the numerical errors are derived and it is proved that the canonical-finite volume approximation converges extremely fast to the thermodynamic limit. Convergence tests and various applications concludes the presentation. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers in numerical and mathematical physics

Abstract/Sommario: This short primer offers non-specialist readers a concise, yet comprehensive introduction to the field of classical fluids – providing both fundamental information and a number of selected topics to bridge the gap between the basics and ongoing research. In particular, hard-sphere systems represent a favorite playground in statistical mechanics, both in and out of equilibrium, as they represent the simplest models of many-body systems of interacting particles, and at higher temperature ...; [Leggi tutto...] This short primer offers non-specialist readers a concise, yet comprehensive introduction to the field of classical fluids – providing both fundamental information and a number of selected topics to bridge the gap between the basics and ongoing research. In particular, hard-sphere systems represent a favorite playground in statistical mechanics, both in and out of equilibrium, as they represent the simplest models of many-body systems of interacting particles, and at higher temperature and densities they have proven to be very useful as reference systems for real fluids. Moreover, their usefulness in the realm of soft condensed matter has become increasingly recognized – for instance, the effective interaction among (sterically stabilized) colloidal particles can be tuned to almost perfectly match the hard-sphere model. These lecture notes present a brief, self-contained overview of equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical fluids, with special applications to both the structural and thermodynamic properties of systems made of particles interacting via the hard-sphere potential or closely related model potentials. In particular it addresses the exact statistical-mechanical properties of one-dimensional systems, the issue of thermodynamic (in)consistency among different routes in the context of several approximate theories, and the construction of analytical or semi-analytical approximations for the structural properties. Written pedagogically at the graduate level, with many figures, tables, photographs, and guided end-of-chapter exercises, this introductory text benefits students and newcomers to the field alike.

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction -- Equilibrium Systems -- Nonequlibrium Systems -- References. - This concise primer (based on lectures given at summer schools on complex systems and on a masters degree course in complex systems modeling) will provide graduate students and newcomers to the field with the basic knowledge of the concepts and methods of statistical physics and its potential for application to interdisciplinary topics.  Indeed, in recent years, statistical physics has begun to attract the in ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction -- Equilibrium Systems -- Nonequlibrium Systems -- References. - This concise primer (based on lectures given at summer schools on complex systems and on a masters degree course in complex systems modeling) will provide graduate students and newcomers to the field with the basic knowledge of the concepts and methods of statistical physics and its potential for application to interdisciplinary topics.  Indeed, in recent years, statistical physics has begun to attract the interest of a broad community of researchers in the field of complex system sciences, ranging from biology to the social sciences, economics and computer science. More generally, a growing number of graduate students and researchers feel the need to learn some basic concepts and questions originating in other disciplines without necessarily having to master all of the corresponding technicalities and jargon. Generally speaking, the goals of statistical physics may be summarized as follows: on the one hand to study systems composed of a large number of interacting ‘entities’, and on the other to predict the macroscopic (or collective) behavior of the system considered from the microscopic laws ruling the dynamics of the individual ‘entities’. These two goals are, to some extent, also shared by what is nowadays called ‘complex systems science’ and for these reasons, systems studied in the framework of statistical physics may be considered as among the simplest examples of complex systems—allowing in addition a rather well developed mathematical treatment

Abstract/Sommario: This thesis reports on major steps towards the realization of scalable quantum networks. It addresses the experimental implementation of a deterministic interaction mechanism between flying optical photons and a single trapped atom. In particular, it demonstrates the nondestructive detection of an optical photon. To this end, single rubidium atoms are trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice at the center of an optical cavity in the strong coupling regime. Full control over the a ...; [Leggi tutto...] This thesis reports on major steps towards the realization of scalable quantum networks. It addresses the experimental implementation of a deterministic interaction mechanism between flying optical photons and a single trapped atom. In particular, it demonstrates the nondestructive detection of an optical photon. To this end, single rubidium atoms are trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice at the center of an optical cavity in the strong coupling regime. Full control over the atomic state — its position, its motion, and its electronic state — is achieved with laser beams applied along the resonator and from the side. When faint laser pulses are reflected from the resonator, the combined atom-photon state acquires a state-dependent phase shift. In a first series of experiments, this is employed to nondestructively detect optical photons by measuring the atomic state after the reflection process. Then, quantum bits are encoded in the polarization of the laser pulse and in the Zeeman state of the atom. The state-dependent phase shift mediates a deterministic universal quantum gate between the atom and one or two successively reflected photons, which is used to generate entangled atom-photon, atom-photon-photon, and photon-photon states out of separable input states

Abstract/Sommario: This first volume covers the mechanics of point particles, gravitation, extended systems (starting from the two-body system), the basic concepts of relativistic mechanics and the mechanics of rigid bodies and fluids. The four-volume textbook, which covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics, and waves and light, is designed to reflect the typical syllabus during the first two years of a calculus-based university physics program. Throughout all four volumes, particula ...; [Leggi tutto...] This first volume covers the mechanics of point particles, gravitation, extended systems (starting from the two-body system), the basic concepts of relativistic mechanics and the mechanics of rigid bodies and fluids. The four-volume textbook, which covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics, and waves and light, is designed to reflect the typical syllabus during the first two years of a calculus-based university physics program. Throughout all four volumes, particular attention is paid to in-depth clarification of conceptual aspects, and to this end the historical roots of the principal concepts are traced. Writings by the founders of classical mechanics, G. Galilei and I. Newton, are reproduced, encouraging students to consult them. Emphasis is also consistently placed on the experimental basis of the concepts, highlighting the experimental nature of physics. Whenever feasible at the elementary level, concepts relevant to more advanced courses in modern physics are included. Each chapter begins with an introduction that briefly describes the subjects to be discussed and ends with a summary of the main results. A number of “Questions” are included to help readers check their level of understanding. The textbook offers an ideal resource for physics students, lecturers and, last but not least, all those seeking a deeper understanding of the experimental basics of physics.

Abstract/Sommario: This second volume covers the mechanics of fluids, the principles of thermodynamics and their applications (without reference to the microscopic structure of systems), and the microscopic interpretation of thermodynamics. It is part of a four-volume textbook, which covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics, and waves and light, is designed to reflect the typical syllabus during the first two years of a calculus-based university physics program. Throughout all four v ...; [Leggi tutto...] This second volume covers the mechanics of fluids, the principles of thermodynamics and their applications (without reference to the microscopic structure of systems), and the microscopic interpretation of thermodynamics. It is part of a four-volume textbook, which covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics, and waves and light, is designed to reflect the typical syllabus during the first two years of a calculus-based university physics program. Throughout all four volumes, particular attention is paid to in-depth clarification of conceptual aspects, and to this end the historical roots of the principal concepts are traced. Emphasis is also consistently placed on the experimental basis of the concepts, highlighting the experimental nature of physics. Whenever feasible at the elementary level, concepts relevant to more advanced courses in quantum mechanics and atomic, solid state, nuclear, and particle physics are included. Each chapter begins with an introduction that briefly describes the subjects to be discussed and ends with a summary of the main results. A number of “Questions” are included to help readers check their level of understanding. The textbook offers an ideal resource for physics students, lecturers and, last but not least, all those seeking a deeper understanding of the experimental basics of physics.

Abstract/Sommario: Focusing on electromagnetism, this third volume of a four-volume textbook covers the electric field under static conditions, constant electric currents and their laws, the magnetic field in a vacuum, electromagnetic induction, magnetic energy under static conditions, the magnetic properties of matter, and the unified description of electromagnetic phenomena provided by Maxwell’s equations. The four-volume textbook as a whole covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics ...; [Leggi tutto...] Focusing on electromagnetism, this third volume of a four-volume textbook covers the electric field under static conditions, constant electric currents and their laws, the magnetic field in a vacuum, electromagnetic induction, magnetic energy under static conditions, the magnetic properties of matter, and the unified description of electromagnetic phenomena provided by Maxwell’s equations. The four-volume textbook as a whole covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics, and waves and light, and is designed to reflect the typical syllabus during the first two years of a calculus-based university physics program. Throughout all four volumes, particular attention is paid to in-depth clarification of conceptual aspects, and to this end the historical roots of the principal concepts are traced. Emphasis is also consistently placed on the experimental basis of the concepts, highlighting the experimental nature of physics. Whenever feasible at the elementary level, concepts relevant to more advanced courses in quantum mechanics and atomic, solid state, nuclear, and particle physics are included. The textbook offers an ideal resource for physics students, lecturers and, last but not least, all those seeking a deeper understanding of the experimental basics of physics.

Abstract/Sommario: This fourth volume of a four-volume textbook covers the oscillations of systems with one or more degrees of freedom; the concept of waves, focusing on light and sound; phase and group velocities, their physical meaning, and their measurement; diffraction and interference of light; polarization phenomena; and the formation of images in the eye and in optical instruments. The textbook as a whole covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics, and waves and light, and is de ...; [Leggi tutto...] This fourth volume of a four-volume textbook covers the oscillations of systems with one or more degrees of freedom; the concept of waves, focusing on light and sound; phase and group velocities, their physical meaning, and their measurement; diffraction and interference of light; polarization phenomena; and the formation of images in the eye and in optical instruments. The textbook as a whole covers electromagnetism, mechanics, fluids and thermodynamics, and waves and light, and is designed to reflect the typical syllabus during the first two years of a calculus-based university physics program. Throughout all four volumes, particular attention is paid to in-depth clarification of conceptual aspects, and to this end the historical roots of the principal concepts are traced. Emphasis is also consistently placed on the experimental basis of the concepts, highlighting the experimental nature of physics. Whenever feasible at the elementary level, concepts relevant to more advanced courses in quantum mechanics and atomic, solid state, nuclear, and particle physics are included. The textbook offers an ideal resource for physics students, lecturers and, last but not least, all those seeking a deeper understanding of the experimental basics of physics.

Abstract/Sommario: A Course in Lens Design is an instruction in the design of image-forming optical systems. It teaches how a satisfactory design can be obtained in a straightforward way. Theory is limited to a minimum, and used to support the practical design work. The book introduces geometrical optics, optical instruments and aberrations. It gives a description of the process of lens design and of the strategies used in this process. Half of its content is devoted to the design of sixteen types of len ...; [Leggi tutto...] A Course in Lens Design is an instruction in the design of image-forming optical systems. It teaches how a satisfactory design can be obtained in a straightforward way. Theory is limited to a minimum, and used to support the practical design work. The book introduces geometrical optics, optical instruments and aberrations. It gives a description of the process of lens design and of the strategies used in this process. Half of its content is devoted to the design of sixteen types of lenses, described in detail from beginning to end. This book is different from most other books on lens design because it stresses the importance of the initial phases of the design process: (paraxial) lay-out and (thin-lens) pre-design. The argument for this change of accent is that in these phases much information can be obtained about the properties of the lens to be designed. This information can be used in later phases of the design. This makes A Course in Lens Design a useful self-study book, and a suitable basis for an introductory course in lens design. The mathematics mainly used is college algebra, in a few sections calculus is applied. The book could be used by students of engineering and technical physics, and by engineers and scientists

Abstract/Sommario: The monograph is devoted to the systematic presentation of the so called "dressing method" for solving differential equations (both linear and nonlinear) of mathematical physics. The essence of the dressing method consists in a generation of new non-trivial solutions of a given equation from (maybe trivial) solution of the same or related equation. The Moutard and Darboux transformations discovered in XIX century as applied to linear equations, the Bäcklund transformation in differenti ...; [Leggi tutto...] The monograph is devoted to the systematic presentation of the so called "dressing method" for solving differential equations (both linear and nonlinear) of mathematical physics. The essence of the dressing method consists in a generation of new non-trivial solutions of a given equation from (maybe trivial) solution of the same or related equation. The Moutard and Darboux transformations discovered in XIX century as applied to linear equations, the Bäcklund transformation in differential geometry of surfaces, the factorization method, the Riemann-Hilbert problem in the form proposed by Shabat and Zakharov for soliton equations and its extension in terms of the d-bar formalism comprise the main objects of the book. Throughout the text, a generally sufficient "linear experience" of readers is exploited, with a special attention to the algebraic aspects of the main mathematical constructions and to practical rules of obtaining new solutions. Various linear equations of classical and quantum mechanics are solved by the Darboux and factorization methods. An extension of the classical Darboux transformations to nonlinear equations in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions, as well as its factorization are discussed in detail. The applicability of the local and non-local Riemann-Hilbert problem-based approach and its generalization in terms of the d-bar method are illustrated on various nonlinear equations

Abstract/Sommario: This thesis describes the physics and computational aspects of an end-to-end simulator to predict the performance of a Space-based Far Infrared Interferometer. The present thesis also includes, the science capabilities and instrumental state-of-the art. The latter is the ambitious next step which the Far-Infrared Astrophysical community needs to take to improve in anyway on the results of the most recent and current space telescopes in this wavelength region. This thesis outlines the r ...; [Leggi tutto...] This thesis describes the physics and computational aspects of an end-to-end simulator to predict the performance of a Space-based Far Infrared Interferometer. The present thesis also includes, the science capabilities and instrumental state-of-the art. The latter is the ambitious next step which the Far-Infrared Astrophysical community needs to take to improve in anyway on the results of the most recent and current space telescopes in this wavelength region. This thesis outlines the requirements involved in such a mission and describes the most promising technique to capture most of the astrophysical information by combining spectroscopy to spatial interferometer. The simulation of such a system is extremely complex requiring multiple Fourier transforms each of which is subject to instrument non-idealities and appropriate optimization techniques. As a conclusion, the thesis provides an example of the basic performance achievable with such an instrument when targeting a young star formation region

Abstract/Sommario: Preface and Thanks -- Chapter 1: Some Background -- Chapter 2: The Stars -- Chapter 3: Star Clusters -- Chapter 4: Nebulae -- Chapter 5: Galaxies -- Chapter 6: Faint, Far Away and Invisible -- Chapter 7: Naked-Eye Objects -- Appendix -- Index of Objects. - This popular title is now back, bigger and better than before! In this companion guide to stars, star systems, galaxies, and other deep sky sights you can choose a class of object and set up an annual program for yourself that will t ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface and Thanks -- Chapter 1: Some Background -- Chapter 2: The Stars -- Chapter 3: Star Clusters -- Chapter 4: Nebulae -- Chapter 5: Galaxies -- Chapter 6: Faint, Far Away and Invisible -- Chapter 7: Naked-Eye Objects -- Appendix -- Index of Objects. - This popular title is now back, bigger and better than before! In this companion guide to stars, star systems, galaxies, and other deep sky sights you can choose a class of object and set up an annual program for yourself that will take you from month to month, helping you locate famous targets or, if you prefer, hunting down the lesser known but still dazzling sky sights. Detailed descriptive summaries of each class of object are followed by extensive lists of deep-sky targets, presented in a monthly format and going from those objects easy to locate to those that are more of a challenge. Amateur astronomers of all levels will find this book invaluable for its broad-ranging background material, for its comprehensive lists of fascinating objects, and for its power to improve your observing skills

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction -- Philosophical Motivations -- Kochen-Specker Theorem -- Introducing Category Theory -- Functors -- The Category of Functors -- Topos -- Topos of Presheaves -- Topos Analogue of the State Space -- Topos Analogue of Propositions -- Topos Analogues of States -- Truth Values -- Quantity Value Object and Physical Quantities -- Sheaves -- Probabilities in Topos Quantum theory -- Group Action in Topos Quantum Theory -- Topos History Quantum Theory -- Normal Operators -- KMS Sta ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction -- Philosophical Motivations -- Kochen-Specker Theorem -- Introducing Category Theory -- Functors -- The Category of Functors -- Topos -- Topos of Presheaves -- Topos Analogue of the State Space -- Topos Analogue of Propositions -- Topos Analogues of States -- Truth Values -- Quantity Value Object and Physical Quantities -- Sheaves -- Probabilities in Topos Quantum theory -- Group Action in Topos Quantum Theory -- Topos History Quantum Theory -- Normal Operators -- KMS States -- Future Research -- Topos and Logic -- Worked out Examples. - In the last five decades various attempts to formulate theories of quantum gravity have been made, but none has fully succeeded in becoming the quantum theory of gravity. One possible explanation for this failure might be the unresolved fundamental issues in quantum theory as it stands now. Indeed, most approaches to quantum gravity adopt standard quantum theory as their starting point, with the hope that the theory’s unresolved issues will get solved along the way. However, these fundamental issues may need to be solved before attempting to define a quantum theory of gravity. The present text adopts this point of view, addressing the following basic questions:  What are the main conceptual issues in quantum theory? How can these issues be solved within a new theoretical framework of quantum theory? A possible way to overcome critical issues in present-day quantum physics – such as a priori assumptions about space and time that are not compatible with a theory of quantum gravity, and the impossibility of talking about systems without reference to an external observer – is through a reformulation of quantum theory in terms of a different mathematical framework called topos theory. This course-tested primer sets out to explain to graduate students and newcomers to the field alike, the reasons for choosing topos theory to resolve the above-mentioned issues and how it brings quantum physics back to looking more like a “neo-realist” classical physics theory again

Abstract/Sommario: This textbook is the first one addressing quantum information from the viewpoint of group symmetry. Quantum systems have a group symmetrical structure. This structure enables to handle systematically quantum information processing. However, there is no other textbook focusing on group symmetry for quantum information although there exist many textbooks for group representation. After the mathematical preparation of quantum information, this book discusses quantum entanglement and its q ...; [Leggi tutto...] This textbook is the first one addressing quantum information from the viewpoint of group symmetry. Quantum systems have a group symmetrical structure. This structure enables to handle systematically quantum information processing. However, there is no other textbook focusing on group symmetry for quantum information although there exist many textbooks for group representation. After the mathematical preparation of quantum information, this book discusses quantum entanglement and its quantification by using group symmetry. Group symmetry drastically simplifies the calculation of several entanglement measures although their calculations are usually very difficult to handle. This book treats optimal information processes including quantum state estimation, quantum state cloning, estimation of group action and quantum channel etc. Usually it is very difficult to derive the optimal quantum information processes without asymptotic setting of these topics. However, group symmetry allows to derive these optimal solutions without assuming the asymptotic setting. Next, this book addresses the quantum error correcting code with the symmetric structure of Weyl-Heisenberg groups. This structure leads to understand the quantum error correcting code systematically. Finally, this book focuses on the quantum universal information protocols by using the group SU(d). This topic can be regarded as a quantum version of the Csiszar-Korner's universal coding theory with the type method. The required mathematical knowledge about group representation is summarized in the companion book, Group Representation for Quantum Theory

Abstract/Sommario: From the authors of "How to Find the Apollo Landing Sites," this is a guide to connecting the view above with the history of recent scientific discoveries from the Hubble Space Telescope. Each selected HST photo is shown with a sky map and a photograph or drawing to illustrate where to find it and how it should appear from a backyard telescope. Here is the casual observer's chance to locate the deep space objects visually, and appreciate the historic Hubble photos in comparison to what ...; [Leggi tutto...] From the authors of "How to Find the Apollo Landing Sites," this is a guide to connecting the view above with the history of recent scientific discoveries from the Hubble Space Telescope. Each selected HST photo is shown with a sky map and a photograph or drawing to illustrate where to find it and how it should appear from a backyard telescope. Here is the casual observer's chance to locate the deep space objects visually, and appreciate the historic Hubble photos in comparison to what is visible from a backyard telescope. HST objects of all types are addressed, from Messier objects, Caldwell objects, and NGC objects, and are arranged in terms of what can be seen during the seasons. Additionally, the reader is given an historical perspective on the work of Edwin Hubble, while locating and viewing the deep space objects that changed astronomy forever.  Countless people have seen the amazing photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. But how many people can actually point out where in the sky those objects are? Why were these objects chosen to be studied? What discoveries were made from the Hubble Space Telescope photographs? This book is for anyone who wants answers to these questions

Abstract/Sommario: This book will show you how to build a battery, detect static electricity, and construct a basic current meter, all using common items from your kitchen. Along the way, you'll learn about the meaning of "voltage" and "current," what makes an LED work, and the difference between AC and DC. The last chapter uses transistors -- the basic building blocks of every computer -- for lots of interesting experiments. With plenty of colorful illustrations, historical stories, and an easy, accessi ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book will show you how to build a battery, detect static electricity, and construct a basic current meter, all using common items from your kitchen. Along the way, you'll learn about the meaning of "voltage" and "current," what makes an LED work, and the difference between AC and DC. The last chapter uses transistors -- the basic building blocks of every computer -- for lots of interesting experiments. With plenty of colorful illustrations, historical stories, and an easy, accessible style, A Kitchen Course in Electricity and Magnetism will be a great start for budding and amateur scientists who want to learn more about how the world works

Abstract/Sommario: Sometime in the not-too-distant future ... unbeknownst to Earth, the Galaxy is home to a number of spacefaring societies. This confederation enforces a strict protocol forbidding any contact with civilizations that have not yet achieved both a substantial spacefaring capability and sufficient maturity to control the technology explosion before triggering their own extinction.   While this policy is intended to only bring in peaceful new members, matters change entirely when the confede ...; [Leggi tutto...] Sometime in the not-too-distant future ... unbeknownst to Earth, the Galaxy is home to a number of spacefaring societies. This confederation enforces a strict protocol forbidding any contact with civilizations that have not yet achieved both a substantial spacefaring capability and sufficient maturity to control the technology explosion before triggering their own extinction.   While this policy is intended to only bring in peaceful new members, matters change entirely when the confederation is threatened by some unknown entity - is the menace real or imagined?  The confederation decides to break with the rules and sends a delegate to Earth to hire one of the supposedly belligerent Earthlings to investigate and to revive the confederation’s long-unused starfleet. The Earthman agrees, but demands a high price: should he succeed, the confederation will have to accept Earth as a new member. As the threat becomes ever more acute, the question soon becomes which mission will prove harder - saving the confederation or convincing it to accept the deal!   The extensive appendix, written in non-technical language, reviews the scientific and technological topics underlying the plot - ranging from the Fermi paradox, space travel and artificial/collective intelligence to theories on possible universal convergences in technological and biological development

Abstract/Sommario: Conformal Transformations and Conformal Killing Fields -- The Conformal Group -- Central Extensions of Groups -- Central Extensions of Lie Algebras and Bargmann's Theorem -- The Virasoro Algebra -- Representation Theory of the Virasoro Algebra -- String Theory as a Conformal Field Theory -- Axioms of Relativistic Quantum Field Theory -- Foundations of Two-Dimensional Conformal Quantum Field Theory -- Vertex Algebras -- Mathematical Aspects of the Verlinde Formula -- Appendix: Some Furt ...; [Leggi tutto...] Conformal Transformations and Conformal Killing Fields -- The Conformal Group -- Central Extensions of Groups -- Central Extensions of Lie Algebras and Bargmann's Theorem -- The Virasoro Algebra -- Representation Theory of the Virasoro Algebra -- String Theory as a Conformal Field Theory -- Axioms of Relativistic Quantum Field Theory -- Foundations of Two-Dimensional Conformal Quantum Field Theory -- Vertex Algebras -- Mathematical Aspects of the Verlinde Formula -- Appendix: Some Further Developments. References -- Index. - The first part of this book gives a detailed, self-contained and mathematically rigorous exposition of classical conformal symmetry in n dimensions and its quantization in two dimensions. In particular, the conformal groups are determined and the appearance of the Virasoro algebra in the context of the quantization of two-dimensional conformal symmetry is explained via the classification of central extensions of Lie algebras and groups. The second part surveys some more advanced topics of conformal field theory, such as the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra, conformal symmetry within string theory, an axiomatic approach to Euclidean conformally covariant quantum field theory and a mathematical interpretation of the Verlinde formula in the context of moduli spaces of holomorphic vector bundles on a Riemann surface. The substantially revised and enlarged second edition makes in particular the second part of the book more self-contained and tutorial, with many more examples given. Furthermore, two new chapters on Wightman's axioms for quantum field theory and vertex algebras broaden the survey of advanced topics. An outlook making the connection with most recent developments has also been added

Abstract/Sommario: This monograph takes as starting point that abstract quantum stochastic processes can be understood as a quantum field theory in one space and in one time coordinate. As a result it is appropriate to represent operators as power series of creation and annihilation operators in normal-ordered form, which can be achieved using classical measure theory.   Considering in detail four basic examples (e.g. a two-level atom coupled to a heat bath of oscillators), in each case the Hamiltonian o ...; [Leggi tutto...] This monograph takes as starting point that abstract quantum stochastic processes can be understood as a quantum field theory in one space and in one time coordinate. As a result it is appropriate to represent operators as power series of creation and annihilation operators in normal-ordered form, which can be achieved using classical measure theory.   Considering in detail four basic examples (e.g. a two-level atom coupled to a heat bath of oscillators), in each case the Hamiltonian of the associated one-parameter strongly continuous group is determined and the spectral decomposition is explicitly calculated in the form of generalized eigen-vectors.   Advanced topics include the theory of the Hudson-Parthasarathy equation and the amplified oscillator problem. To that end, a chapter on white noise calculus has also been included

Abstract/Sommario: Intention of the Book -- A New Form of Physical Theory: Reality -- Building of a Mathematical Theory -- From Reality to Mathematics -- Species of Structures and Axiomatic Basis of a PT -- Relations Between Various PTs -- Real and Possible as Physical Concepts -- Examples of Simple Theories: A Description of the Surface of the Earth, or of a Round Table -- A Simplified Example of Newton's Mechanics -- The Structure of the Human Species -- References -- List of Symbols -- Index. - Writte ...; [Leggi tutto...] Intention of the Book -- A New Form of Physical Theory: Reality -- Building of a Mathematical Theory -- From Reality to Mathematics -- Species of Structures and Axiomatic Basis of a PT -- Relations Between Various PTs -- Real and Possible as Physical Concepts -- Examples of Simple Theories: A Description of the Surface of the Earth, or of a Round Table -- A Simplified Example of Newton's Mechanics -- The Structure of the Human Species -- References -- List of Symbols -- Index. - Written in the tradition of G. Ludwig’s groundbreaking works, this book aims to clarify and formulate more precisely the fundamental ideas of physical theories. By introducing a basic descriptive language of simple form, in which it is possible to formulate recorded facts, ambiguities of physical theories are avoided as much as possible. In this approach the field of physics that should be described by a theory is determined by basic concepts only, i.e. concepts that can be explained without a theory. In this context the authors introduce a new concept of idealization and review the process of discovering new concepts. They believe that, when the theories are formulated within an axiomatic basis, solutions can be found to many difficult problems such as the interpretation of physical theories, the relations between theories as well as the introduction of physical concepts. The book addresses both physicists and philosophers of science and should encourage the reader to contribute to the understanding of the lasting core of physical knowledge about the real structures of the world

Abstract/Sommario: The predecessors of Carnot -- Thermodynamics from Carnot to Clausius and Kelvin -- Thermodynamics in a Carnot equation -- Equivalence of First and Second Laws -- Work from Nonequilibrium Systems -- Nonextensive Thermodynamics. - Dr. Bernard H. Lavenda has written A New Perspective on Thermodynamics to combine an old look at thermodynamics with a new foundation. The book presents a historical perspective, which unravels the current presentation of thermodynamics found in standard texts, ...; [Leggi tutto...] The predecessors of Carnot -- Thermodynamics from Carnot to Clausius and Kelvin -- Thermodynamics in a Carnot equation -- Equivalence of First and Second Laws -- Work from Nonequilibrium Systems -- Nonextensive Thermodynamics. - Dr. Bernard H. Lavenda has written A New Perspective on Thermodynamics to combine an old look at thermodynamics with a new foundation. The book presents a historical perspective, which unravels the current presentation of thermodynamics found in standard texts, and which emphasizes the fundamental role that Carnot played in the development of thermodynamics. A New Perspective on Thermodynamics will: Chronologically unravel the development of the principles of thermodynamics and how they were conceived by their discoverers Bring the theory of thermodynamics up to the present time and indicate areas of further development with the union of information theory and the theory of means and their inequalities. New areas include nonextensive thermodynamics, the thermodynamics of coding theory, multifractals, and strange attractors. Reintroduce important, yet nearly forgotten, teachings of N.L. Sardi Carnot Highlight conceptual flaws in timely topics such as endoreversible engines, finite-time thermodynamics, geometrization of thermodynamics, and nonequilibrium work from equilibrium free energy differences. Dr. Bernard H. Lavenda is Professor of Physical Chemistry at Universita degli Studi di Camerino, Italy. He is recipient of the 2009 Telesio-Galeli Prize in Physics for his work on irreversible thermodynamics

Abstract/Sommario: In this thesis, a new lidar (light detection and ranging) ceilometer capable of monitoring cloud base and sensitive to boundary layer aerosols is introduced. The key to this novelty lies in its divided-lens design that addresses a classical lidar problem of balancing transmitter-receiver overlap and signal-to-noise ratio, along with a method for characterizing overlap in the laboratory. Enhanced sensitivity in the near-range of the instrument is achieved without compromising signal-to- ...; [Leggi tutto...] In this thesis, a new lidar (light detection and ranging) ceilometer capable of monitoring cloud base and sensitive to boundary layer aerosols is introduced. The key to this novelty lies in its divided-lens design that addresses a classical lidar problem of balancing transmitter-receiver overlap and signal-to-noise ratio, along with a method for characterizing overlap in the laboratory. Enhanced sensitivity in the near-range of the instrument is achieved without compromising signal-to-noise in a design that is straightforward to manufacture for broad deployment. The instrument, its optical characterization, and its performance in the field are described. The prototype instrument described here has since formed the basis of a commercial sensor for monitoring clouds and aerosols. High-resolution, continuous observations of clouds and aerosols are needed to reduce the large uncertainties in our current understanding of their influence on climate that have been highlighted by the International Panel on Climate Change. And as international health organizations indicate growing public health threats over the coming decades resulting from poor air quality, extensive aerosol monitoring is required to assess personal exposure to and the health impacts of anthropogenic particulates. Ground-based optical remote sensing measurements made by well-characterized instruments, such as that described in these pages, are critical to this

Abstract/Sommario: The study of clusters of galaxies has advanced tremendously in the recent years due to the advent of large or dedicated ground-based telescopes, the increasingly sensitive space observatories and the significant advances in numerical astrophysics and cosmology. The current generations of large spectroscopic and wide-field imaging survey and ongoing multi-wavelength studies, covering a large range of the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to the sub-mm and the radio, are making major ...; [Leggi tutto...] The study of clusters of galaxies has advanced tremendously in the recent years due to the advent of large or dedicated ground-based telescopes, the increasingly sensitive space observatories and the significant advances in numerical astrophysics and cosmology. The current generations of large spectroscopic and wide-field imaging survey and ongoing multi-wavelength studies, covering a large range of the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to the sub-mm and the radio, are making major breakthroughs in our understanding of galaxy aggregation and transformation processes in different environments, on the properties of the tenuous ICM gas, on the starburst activity and on revealing environmental effects on galaxy formation and evolution. The reviews presented in this volume cover a wide-range of cluster of galaxies topics like the physics of the ICM gas, the internal cluster dynamics, the detection of clusters using different observational techniques, the great advances in analytical or numerical modeling of clusters, weak and strong lensing effects, the large scale structure as traced by clusters, the cosmological significance of clusters as well as the formation and evolution of clusters within the new cosmological paradigm. This volume is aimed towards the researchers and senior graduate students in multi-wavelength astrophysics and cosmology

Abstract/Sommario: Marianne J. Dyson recounts for us a time when women were making the first inroads into space flight control, a previously male-dominated profession. The story begins with the inspiration of the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon and follows the challenges of pursuing a science career as a woman in the 70s and 80s, when it was far from an easy path.  Dyson relates the first five space shuttle flights from the personal perspective of mission planning and operations in Houston at the Johnson S ...; [Leggi tutto...] Marianne J. Dyson recounts for us a time when women were making the first inroads into space flight control, a previously male-dominated profession. The story begins with the inspiration of the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon and follows the challenges of pursuing a science career as a woman in the 70s and 80s, when it was far from an easy path.  Dyson relates the first five space shuttle flights from the personal perspective of mission planning and operations in Houston at the Johnson Space Center, based almost exclusively on original sources such as journals and NASA weekly activity reports. The book’s historical details about astronaut and flight controller training exemplify both the humorous and serious aspects of space operations up through the Challenger disaster, including the almost unknown fire in Mission Control during STS-5 that nearly caused an emergency entry of the shuttle.  From an insider with a unique perspective and credentials to match, this a must-read for anyone interested in the workings of NASA during one of its busiest and defining times, and the challenges faced by women pursuing scientific careers

Abstract/Sommario: Preface -- Beginnings -- By Passion Driven -- Nomads -- Innana's Antics -- Pure Ambrosia -- Revolutions -- A Passion in Bohemia -- Moon over Padua -- Figures of Cynthia -- Afterglow -- Index. - Astronomy is by far the most popular of the physical sciences, enticing enough to become a major cultural preoccupation for many, and for some an enthralling scientific activity which veritably rules their lives. What is the nature of that seemingly unstoppable attraction? In this lively and com ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface -- Beginnings -- By Passion Driven -- Nomads -- Innana's Antics -- Pure Ambrosia -- Revolutions -- A Passion in Bohemia -- Moon over Padua -- Figures of Cynthia -- Afterglow -- Index. - Astronomy is by far the most popular of the physical sciences, enticing enough to become a major cultural preoccupation for many, and for some an enthralling scientific activity which veritably rules their lives. What is the nature of that seemingly unstoppable attraction? In this lively and compelling account, William Sheehan – professional psychiatrist, noted historian of astronomy, and incurable observer - explores the nature of that allure through the story of man's visual exploration of the planets. In this volume, the first of a trilogy, Sheehan starts with observational astronomy’s profound and lasting effect on his own life, setting the points of embarkation for the journey to come. He travels across the historical landscape seeking the earliest origins of man's compulsion to observe the planets among the hunter gatherers of the upper palaeolithic, and traces the evolving story from the planetary records of the earliest cities, to Pharonic Egypt through to Hellenistic Greek astronomy culminating in Ptolemy. The necessity to observe played its part in the perceptual changes wrought by the Copernican revolution, as well as the observational advances achieved by such extraordinary characters as Tycho with his sharpest of eyes, and his luxurious practice of total astronomy. The two epochal advances published in 1609, both born through planetary observation, namely Kepler's discovery of the true nature of the orbit of Mars and Harriot and Galileo’s observations of the Moon, have a pivotal place in this account. Sheehan weaves a rich tapestry of social and technological settings, patronage and personalities, equipment and skills, cosmologies and goals, motives and compulsions to try to explain why we have observed, and continue to observe, the planets. The compelling text of A Passion for the Planets is enhanced by the specially commissioned planetary artwork of Julian Baum, himself son of a noted planetary observer and historian of planetary observers, and Randall Rosenfeld. A Passion for the Planets will be of interest to all amateur astronomers; active planetary observers; armchair astronomers; those interested in the history of astronomy; the cultural history of science; and astronomical art

Abstract/Sommario: This book offers the reader a practical guide to the control and characterization of laser diode beams.  Laser diodes are the most widely used lasers, accounting for 50% of the global laser market.  Correct handling of laser diode beams is the key to the successful use of laser diodes, and this requires an in-depth understanding of their unique properties. Following a short introduction to the working principles of laser diodes, the book describes the basics of laser diode beams and be ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book offers the reader a practical guide to the control and characterization of laser diode beams.  Laser diodes are the most widely used lasers, accounting for 50% of the global laser market.  Correct handling of laser diode beams is the key to the successful use of laser diodes, and this requires an in-depth understanding of their unique properties. Following a short introduction to the working principles of laser diodes, the book describes the basics of laser diode beams and beam propagation, including Zemax modeling of a Gaussian beam propagating through a lens.  The core of the book is concerned with laser diode beam manipulations: collimating and focusing, circularization and astigmatism correction, coupling into a single mode optical fiber, diffractive optics and beam shaping, and manipulation of multi transverse mode beams.  The final chapter of the book covers beam characterization methods, describing the measurement of spatial and spectral properties, including wavelength and linewidth measurement techniques.  The book is a significantly revised and expanded version of the title Laser Diode Beam Basics, Manipulations and Characterizations by the same author. New topics introduced in this volume include: laser diode types and working principles, non-paraxial Gaussian beam, Zemax modeling, numerical analysis of a laser diode beam, spectral property characterization methods, and power and energy characterization techniques.  The book approaches the subject in a practical way with mathematical content kept to the minimum level required, making the book a convenient reference for laser diode users

Abstract/Sommario: The Thrill of Photometry -- Getting Started -- Photometry Fundamentals -- Of Telescopes and Cameras -- Choosing The Right Software -- Getting the Right Time -- Collecting Photons -- Measuring the Images -- Analysing the Data -- Example Problem Outlines -- Appendices -- Index. - A Practical Guide to Lightcurve Photometry and Analysis provides, for those with access to even a modest telescope and CCD camera, all the information needed to take part in the scientific study of asteroids and ...; [Leggi tutto...] The Thrill of Photometry -- Getting Started -- Photometry Fundamentals -- Of Telescopes and Cameras -- Choosing The Right Software -- Getting the Right Time -- Collecting Photons -- Measuring the Images -- Analysing the Data -- Example Problem Outlines -- Appendices -- Index. - A Practical Guide to Lightcurve Photometry and Analysis provides, for those with access to even a modest telescope and CCD camera, all the information needed to take part in the scientific study of asteroids and variable stars. Using commercially available equipment, amateur astronomers can determine the rotation rate, size, and shape of asteroids. Similarly, it is possible to discover the size, temperature, and orbits of stars in binary systems by using this powerful technique. A Practical Guide to Lightcurve Photometry and Analysis contains all the material needed for readers to understand the theory, and avoid the practical pitfalls of lightcurve photometry. Detailed examples are given for obtaining data, and of course for the exciting and rewarding task of analyzing the data to determine the physical properties of the object. Any college student or amateur astronomer who wants to go beyond mere imaging with a CCD camera and enter the challenging world of "real science" via the lightcurves of asteroids and binary stars will find everything necessary in this book

Abstract/Sommario: For those with access to even a modest telescope and CCD camera, this new and improved guide delivers all the information needed to take part in the scientific study of asteroids and variable stars. New techniques in photometry continue to be refined, and expert Brian Warner covers the developing territory in detail for those both new and experienced. Updated to reflect changes in telescope and CCD technology, it also includes an expanded chapter on the analysis of asteroid lightcurves ...; [Leggi tutto...] For those with access to even a modest telescope and CCD camera, this new and improved guide delivers all the information needed to take part in the scientific study of asteroids and variable stars. New techniques in photometry continue to be refined, and expert Brian Warner covers the developing territory in detail for those both new and experienced. Updated to reflect changes in telescope and CCD technology, it also includes an expanded chapter on the analysis of asteroid lightcurves to cover some of the common pitfalls that lead to incorrect answers as well as how to discover an asteroid satellite via lightcurves. With this information, amateur astronomers can use commercially available equipment to determine the rotation rate, size, and shape of asteroids. Similarly, it is possible to discover the size, temperature, and orbits of stars in binary systems by using this powerful technique. Brian Warner yet again delivers all the material needed for readers to understand the theory, and avoid the practical pitfalls of lightcurve photometry. Detailed examples are given for obtaining data, and of course for the exciting and rewarding task of analyzing the data to determine the physical properties of the objects. It also includes many detailed finder charts with magnitudes for reference and detailed steps on how to go about gathering data for specific projects without misinterpretation. Any college student or amateur astronomer who wants to go beyond mere imaging with a CCD camera and enter the challenging world of "real science" via the lightcurves of asteroids and binary stars will find everything necessary in this updated book.

Abstract/Sommario: Quantum Chromodynamics and Chiral Symmetry -- Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Goldstone Theorem -- Chiral Perturbation Theory for Mesons -- Chiral Perturbation Theory for Bryons -- Applications and Outlook -- Pauli and Dirac Matrices -- Functionals and Local Functional Derivatives -- Solutions to Exercises -- Index. - Chiral Perturbation Theory, as effective field theory, is a commonly accepted and well established working tool, approximating quantum chromodynamics at energies we ...; [Leggi tutto...] Quantum Chromodynamics and Chiral Symmetry -- Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Goldstone Theorem -- Chiral Perturbation Theory for Mesons -- Chiral Perturbation Theory for Bryons -- Applications and Outlook -- Pauli and Dirac Matrices -- Functionals and Local Functional Derivatives -- Solutions to Exercises -- Index. - Chiral Perturbation Theory, as effective field theory, is a commonly accepted and well established working tool, approximating quantum chromodynamics at energies well below typical hadron masses. This volume, based on a number of lectures and supplemented with additional material, provides a pedagogical introduction for graduate students and newcomers entering the field from related areas of nuclear and particle physics. Starting with the the Lagrangian of the strong interactions and general symmetry principles, the basic concepts of Chiral Perturbation Theory in the mesonic and baryonic sectors are developed. The application of these concepts is then illustrated with a number of examples. A large number of exercises (81, with complete solutions) are included to familiarize the reader with helpful calculational techniques

Abstract/Sommario: This book is an introduction to the theory of Hilbert space, a fundamental tool for non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Linear, topological, metric, and normed spaces are all addressed in detail, in a rigorous but reader-friendly fashion. The rationale for an introduction to the theory of Hilbert space, rather than a detailed study of Hilbert space theory itself, resides in the very high mathematical difficulty of even the simplest physical case. Within an ordinary graduate course in p ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book is an introduction to the theory of Hilbert space, a fundamental tool for non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Linear, topological, metric, and normed spaces are all addressed in detail, in a rigorous but reader-friendly fashion. The rationale for an introduction to the theory of Hilbert space, rather than a detailed study of Hilbert space theory itself, resides in the very high mathematical difficulty of even the simplest physical case. Within an ordinary graduate course in physics there is insufficient time to cover the theory of Hilbert spaces and operators, as well as distribution theory, with sufficient mathematical rigor. Compromises must be found between full rigor and practical use of the instruments. The book is based on the author's lessons on functional analysis for graduate students in physics. It will equip the reader to approach Hilbert space and, subsequently, rigged Hilbert space, with a more practical attitude. With respect to the original lectures, the mathematical flavor in all subjects has been enriched. Moreover, a brief introduction to topological groups has been added in addition to exercises and solved problems throughout the text. With these improvements, the book can be used in upper undergraduate and lower graduate courses, both in Physics and in Mathematics

Abstract/Sommario: The aim of this primer is to cover the essential theoretical information, quickly and concisely, in order to enable senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students to tackle projects in topical research areas of quantum fluids, for example, solitons, vortices and collective modes. The selection of the material, both regarding the content and level of presentation, draws on the authors analysis of the success of relevant research projects with newcomers to the field, as well as of ...; [Leggi tutto...] The aim of this primer is to cover the essential theoretical information, quickly and concisely, in order to enable senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students to tackle projects in topical research areas of quantum fluids, for example, solitons, vortices and collective modes. The selection of the material, both regarding the content and level of presentation, draws on the authors analysis of the success of relevant research projects with newcomers to the field, as well as of the students feedback from many taught and self-study courses on the subject matter. Starting with a brief historical overview, this text covers particle statistics, weakly interacting condensates and their dynamics and finally superfluid helium and quantum turbulence. At the end of each chapter (apart from the first) there will be some exercises. Detailed solutions can be made available to instructors upon request to the authors.

Abstract/Sommario: Testbeds are gaining increasing relevance in research domains and also in industrial applications. However, very few books devoted to testbeds have been published. To the best of my knowledge no book on this topic has been published. This book is particularly interesting for the growing community of testbed developers. I believe the book is also very interesting for researchers in robot-WSN cooperation. This book provides detailed description of a system that can be considered the firs ...; [Leggi tutto...] Testbeds are gaining increasing relevance in research domains and also in industrial applications. However, very few books devoted to testbeds have been published. To the best of my knowledge no book on this topic has been published. This book is particularly interesting for the growing community of testbed developers. I believe the book is also very interesting for researchers in robot-WSN cooperation. This book provides detailed description of a system that can be considered the first testbed that allows full peer-to-peer interoperability between heterogeneous robots and ubiquitous systems such as Wireless Sensor Networks, camera networks and pervasive computing systems. The system architecture includes modules that allows full bidirectional communication between robots and WSN. One robot can The book describes the current state of the art in development of testbeds integrating Cooperating Object technologies. It describes in detail the testbed specification and design using requirements extracted from surveys among experts in robotics and ubiquitous systems in academia and industry. The book also describes the testbed novel architecture and its hardware and software components. Moreover, it includes details on user support tools to facilitate its use such as remote use using a virtual private network and sets of functionalities of interest for members from the robotics, WSN and robot-WSN communities. Finally, the book illustrates its capabilities and potentialities describing the implementation of some of the experiments that have been performed. Examples from the robotics, WSN and robot-WSN communities are described

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction -- Motivations for space exploration and colonization -- Where to go: the search for habitable planets -- Interstellar exploration technologies -- Financing of space exploration and colonization -- The uncertainties. - This book develops a credible scenario for interstellar exploration and colonization. In so doing, it examines: • the present situation and prospects for interstellar exploration technologies; • where to go: the search for habitable planets; • the motivation ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction -- Motivations for space exploration and colonization -- Where to go: the search for habitable planets -- Interstellar exploration technologies -- Financing of space exploration and colonization -- The uncertainties. - This book develops a credible scenario for interstellar exploration and colonization. In so doing, it examines: • the present situation and prospects for interstellar exploration technologies; • where to go: the search for habitable planets; • the motivations for space travel and colonization; • the financial mechanisms required to fund such enterprises. The final section of the book analyzes the uncertainties surrounding the presented scenario. The purpose of building a scenario is not only to pinpoint future events but also to highlight the uncertainties that may propel the future in different directions. Interstellar travel and colonization requires a civilization in which human beings see themselves as inhabitants of a single planet and in which global governance of these processes is conducted on a cooperative basis. The key question is, then, whether our present civilization is ready for such an endeavor, reflecting the fact that the critical uncertainties are political and cultural in nature. It is written in such a way as to allow the non-professional reader to become part of the debate on the future of space programs

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction -- Neutrino Physics -- The MINOS Experiment -- Measuring q13 in MINOS -- A Novel Approach for Selecting ne CC Events -- Measuring the Backgrounds in the Near Detector -- Predicting the Far Detector Rates -- Systematic Errors and q13 Sensitivity -- Far Detector Data Analysis and ne Appearance Results -- Pushing the Neutrino Frontier -- Appendices. - A Search for Muon Neutrino to Electron Neutrino Oscillations in the MINOS Experiment is a tour de force that summarizes, clear ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction -- Neutrino Physics -- The MINOS Experiment -- Measuring q13 in MINOS -- A Novel Approach for Selecting ne CC Events -- Measuring the Backgrounds in the Near Detector -- Predicting the Far Detector Rates -- Systematic Errors and q13 Sensitivity -- Far Detector Data Analysis and ne Appearance Results -- Pushing the Neutrino Frontier -- Appendices. - A Search for Muon Neutrino to Electron Neutrino Oscillations in the MINOS Experiment is a tour de force that summarizes, clearly and in some depth, much of Ochoa’s vast body of work which has had a major impact on MINOS. The centerpiece of the thesis is the search for muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations, which would indicate a non-zero mixing angle between the first and third neutrino generations (θ13), currently the “holy grail” of neutrino physics.  The optimal extraction of the electron neutrino oscillation signal is based on the novel “library event matching” (LEM) method which Ochoa developed and implemented together with colleagues at Caltech and at Cambridge, which improves MINOS’ reach for establishing an oscillation signal over any other method. LEM will now be the basis for MINOS’ final results, and will likely keep MINOS at the forefront of this field until it completes its data taking in 2011. Ochoa and his colleagues also developed the successful plan to run MINOS with a beam tuned for antineutrinos, to make a sensitive test of CPT symmetry by comparing the inter-generational mass splitting for neutrinos and antineutrinos. Ochoa’s in-depth, creative approach to the solution of a variety of complex experimental problems is an outstanding example for graduate students and longtime practitioners of experimental physics alike. Some of the most exciting results in this field to emerge in the near future may find their foundations in this thesis, for which Ochoa was awarded the National Prize for Youth of Mexico in 2009. This Doctoral Thesis has been accepted by California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

Abstract/Sommario: Particle Physics and the Neutrino -- Ultra-High Energy Astro-Particle Physics -- The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna -- Event Simulation -- ANITA-2 Data Analysis -- Cosmic-Ray Search -- Neutrino Search. - The winner of UCL's annual HEP thesis prize, this work describes an analysis of the data from the second flight of the Antarctica Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA). ANITA is a balloon-borne experiment that searches for radio signals originating from ultra-high energy neutrinos ...; [Leggi tutto...] Particle Physics and the Neutrino -- Ultra-High Energy Astro-Particle Physics -- The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna -- Event Simulation -- ANITA-2 Data Analysis -- Cosmic-Ray Search -- Neutrino Search. - The winner of UCL's annual HEP thesis prize, this work describes an analysis of the data from the second flight of the Antarctica Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA). ANITA is a balloon-borne experiment that searches for radio signals originating from ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays interacting with the Antarctic ice or air. The search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin is one of the outstanding experimental challenges of the 21st century. The ANITA experiment was designed to be the most sensitive instrument to ultra-high energy neutrinos that originate from the interactions of cosmic rays with the cosmic microwave background. The methodology and results of the neutrino and cosmic ray searches are presented in the thesis

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction -- Vector and tensor fields -- The spacetime of general relativity and paths of particles -- Field equations and curvature -- Physics in the vicinity of a massive object -- Gravitational radiation -- Elements of cosmology -- Appendices -- A Special relativity review -- B The Chinese connection -- C Tensors and Manifolds -- Solutions -- References -- Index. - Suitable for a one-semester course in general relativity for senior undergraduates or beginning graduate students, t ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction -- Vector and tensor fields -- The spacetime of general relativity and paths of particles -- Field equations and curvature -- Physics in the vicinity of a massive object -- Gravitational radiation -- Elements of cosmology -- Appendices -- A Special relativity review -- B The Chinese connection -- C Tensors and Manifolds -- Solutions -- References -- Index. - Suitable for a one-semester course in general relativity for senior undergraduates or beginning graduate students, this text clarifies the mathematical aspects of Einstein's theory of relativity without sacrificing physical understanding. The text begins with an exposition of those aspects of tensor calculus and differential geometry needed for a proper treatment of the subject. The discussion then turns to the spacetime of general relativity and to geodesic motion. A brief consideration of the field equations is followed by a discussion of physics in the vicinity of massive objects, including an elementary treatment of black holes and rotating objects. The main text concludes with introductory chapters on gravitational radiation and cosmology. This new third edition has been updated to take account of fresh observational evidence and experiments. It includes new sections on the Kerr solution (in Chapter 4) and cosmological speeds of recession (in Chapter 6). A more mathematical treatment of tensors and manifolds, included in the 1st edition, but omitted in the 2nd edition, has been restored in an appendix. Also included are two additional appendixes – "Special Relativity Review" and "The Chinese Connection" - and outline solutions to all exercises and problems, making it especially suitable for private study

Abstract/Sommario: Foundation of Classical Physics -- Semiclassical -Semi-Q-Pyhsics -- Foundations of Q-Physics -- Two-State-Q-System: Qubit Representations -- One-Qubit Manipulations -- Composite Q-System, Pure State -- All Q-Operations -- Classical Information Theory -- Q-Information Theory -- Q-Computation -- Solutions -- References. - This short and concise primer takes the vantage point of theoretical physics and the unity of physics. It sets out to strip the burgeoning field of quantum information ...; [Leggi tutto...] Foundation of Classical Physics -- Semiclassical -Semi-Q-Pyhsics -- Foundations of Q-Physics -- Two-State-Q-System: Qubit Representations -- One-Qubit Manipulations -- Composite Q-System, Pure State -- All Q-Operations -- Classical Information Theory -- Q-Information Theory -- Q-Computation -- Solutions -- References. - This short and concise primer takes the vantage point of theoretical physics and the unity of physics. It sets out to strip the burgeoning field of quantum information science to its basics by linking it to universal concepts in physics. An extensive lecture rather than a comprehensive textbook, this volume is based on courses delivered over several years to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, but essentially it addresses anyone with a working knowledge of basic quantum physics. Readers will find these lectures a most adequate entry point for theoretical studies in this field

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction -- Foundations of Classical Physics -- Semiclassical -Semi-q-physics -- Foundations of q-physics -- Two-state q-system: Qubit Representations -- One-qubit Manipulaitons -- Composite q-system, Pure State -- All q-operations -- Classical Information Theory -- Q-Information Theory -- Q-computation -- Qubit Thermodyanmics -- Appendix -- Solutions -- References -- Index. - This short and concise primer takes the vantage point of theoretical physics and the unity of physics. It ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction -- Foundations of Classical Physics -- Semiclassical -Semi-q-physics -- Foundations of q-physics -- Two-state q-system: Qubit Representations -- One-qubit Manipulaitons -- Composite q-system, Pure State -- All q-operations -- Classical Information Theory -- Q-Information Theory -- Q-computation -- Qubit Thermodyanmics -- Appendix -- Solutions -- References -- Index. - This short and concise primer takes the vantage point of theoretical physics and the unity of physics. It sets out to strip the burgeoning field of quantum information science to its basics by linking it to universal concepts in physics. An extensive lecture rather than a comprehensive textbook, this volume is based on courses delivered over several years to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, but essentially it addresses anyone with a working knowledge of basic quantum physics. Readers will find these lectures a most adequate entry point for theoretical studies in this field. For the second edition, the authors has succeeded in adding many new topics while sticking to the conciseness of the overall approach. A new chapter on qubit thermodynamics has been added, while new sections and subsections have been incorporated in various chapter to deal with weak and time-continuous measurements, period-finding quantum algorithms and quantum error corrections. From the reviews of the first edition: "The best things about this book are its brevity and clarity. In around 100 pages it provides a tutorial introduction to quantum information theory, including problems and solutions. … it’s worth a look if you want to quickly get up to speed with the language and central concepts of quantum information theory, including the background classical information theory." (Craig Savage, Australian Physics, Vol. 44 (2), 2007)

Abstract/Sommario: This course-based primer provides newcomers to the field with a concise introduction to some of the core topics in the emerging field of topological insulators. The aim is to provide a basic understanding of edge states, bulk topological invariants, and of the bulk--boundary correspondence with as simple mathematical tools as possible. The present approach uses noninteracting lattice models of topological insulators, building gradually on these to arrive from the simplest one-dimension ...; [Leggi tutto...] This course-based primer provides newcomers to the field with a concise introduction to some of the core topics in the emerging field of topological insulators. The aim is to provide a basic understanding of edge states, bulk topological invariants, and of the bulk--boundary correspondence with as simple mathematical tools as possible. The present approach uses noninteracting lattice models of topological insulators, building gradually on these to arrive from the simplest one-dimensional case (the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for polyacetylene) to two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulators (the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model for HgTe). In each case the discussion of simple toy models is followed by the formulation of the general arguments regarding topological insulators. The only prerequisite for the reader is a working knowledge in quantum mechanics, the relevant solid state physics background is provided as part of this self-contained text, which is complemented by end-of-chapter problems

Abstract/Sommario: Preface -- Introduction: The World according to Physics Levels of the structure of mater -- PART 1: Three key-ideas and a short-cut -- The atomic idea -- The wave-particle duality -- Equilibrium and minimization of total energy -- Dimensional analysis: A short-cut to physics relations -- PART 2: This World, this small World, the great -- From quark and gluons to hadrons -- From protons and neutrons to nuclei -- From nuclei and electrons to atoms -- From atoms to molecules -- From atoms ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface -- Introduction: The World according to Physics Levels of the structure of mater -- PART 1: Three key-ideas and a short-cut -- The atomic idea -- The wave-particle duality -- Equilibrium and minimization of total energy -- Dimensional analysis: A short-cut to physics relations -- PART 2: This World, this small World, the great -- From quark and gluons to hadrons -- From protons and neutrons to nuclei -- From nuclei and electrons to atoms -- From atoms to molecules -- From atoms and molecules to solids and liquids -- Planets -- Stars, dead or alive -- Cosmology -- Revisiting photons. - This book takes the reader for a short journey over the structures of matter showing that their main properties can be obtained even at a quantitative level with a minimum background knowledge. The latter, besides some high school physics and mathematics, consists of the three cornerstones of science presented in chapters 1 to 3, namely the atomic idea, the wave-particle duality, and the minimization of energy as the condition for equilibrium. Dimensional analysis employing the universal constants and combined with “a little imagination and thinking”, to quote Feynman, allows an amazing short-cut derivation of several quantitative results concerning the structures of matter. This book is expected to be of interest to physics, engineering, and other science students and to researchers in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering who may find stimulating the alternative derivation of several real world results, which sometimes seem to pop out the magician’s hat

Abstract/Sommario: By investing just an hour a week and

Abstract/Sommario: This thesis presents a pioneering method for gleaning the maximum information from the deepest images of the far-infrared universe obtained with the Herschel satellite, reaching galaxies fainter by an order of magnitude than in previous studies. Using these high-quality measurements, the author first demonstrates that the vast majority of galaxy star formation did not take place in merger-driven starbursts over 90% of the history of the universe, which suggests that galaxy growth is in ...; [Leggi tutto...] This thesis presents a pioneering method for gleaning the maximum information from the deepest images of the far-infrared universe obtained with the Herschel satellite, reaching galaxies fainter by an order of magnitude than in previous studies. Using these high-quality measurements, the author first demonstrates that the vast majority of galaxy star formation did not take place in merger-driven starbursts over 90% of the history of the universe, which suggests that galaxy growth is instead dominated by a steady infall of matter. The author further demonstrates that massive galaxies suffer a gradual decline in their star formation activity, providing an alternative path for galaxies to stop star formation. One of the key unsolved questions in astrophysics is how galaxies acquired their mass in the course of cosmic time. In the standard theory, the merging of galaxies plays a major role in forming new stars. Then, old galaxies abruptly stop forming stars through an unknown process. Investigating this theory requires an unbiased measure of the star formation intensity of galaxies, which has been unavailable due to the dust obscuration of stellar light

Abstract/Sommario: This book provides a chronological introduction to the sciences of astronomy and cosmology based on the reading and analysis of significant selections from classic texts, such as Ptolemy’s Almagest, Kepler’s Epitome of Copernican Astronomy, Shapley’s Galaxies, and Lemaître’s The Primeval Atom. Each chapter begins with a short introduction followed by a reading selection. Carefully crafted study questions draw out key points in the text and focus the reader’s attention on the author’s m ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book provides a chronological introduction to the sciences of astronomy and cosmology based on the reading and analysis of significant selections from classic texts, such as Ptolemy’s Almagest, Kepler’s Epitome of Copernican Astronomy, Shapley’s Galaxies, and Lemaître’s The Primeval Atom. Each chapter begins with a short introduction followed by a reading selection. Carefully crafted study questions draw out key points in the text and focus the reader’s attention on the author’s methods, analysis, and conclusions. Numerical and observational exercises at the end of each chapter test the reader’s ability to understand and apply key concepts from the text.  The Heavens and the Earth is the first of four volumes in A Student’s Guide Through the Great Physics Texts. This book grew out of a four-semester undergraduate physics curriculum designed to encourage a critical and circumspect approach to natural science, while at the same time preparing students for advanced coursework in physics.   This book is particularly suitable as a college-level textbook for students of the natural sciences, history, or philosophy. It also serves as a textbook for advanced high-school students, or as a thematically-organized source-book for scholars and motivated lay-readers. In studying the classic scientific texts included herein, the reader will be drawn toward a lifetime of contemplation

Abstract/Sommario: This book provides a chronological introduction to the science of motion and rest based on the reading and analysis of significant portions of Galileo’s Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences, Pascal’s Treatise on the Equilibrium of Fluids and the Weight of the Mass of Air, Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, and Einstein’s Relativity. Each chapter begins with a short introduction followed by a reading selection. Carefully crafted study questions draw out key points ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book provides a chronological introduction to the science of motion and rest based on the reading and analysis of significant portions of Galileo’s Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences, Pascal’s Treatise on the Equilibrium of Fluids and the Weight of the Mass of Air, Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, and Einstein’s Relativity. Each chapter begins with a short introduction followed by a reading selection. Carefully crafted study questions draw out key points in the text and focus the reader’s attention on the author’s methods, analysis and conclusions. Numerical and laboratory exercises at the end of each chapter test the reader’s ability to understand and apply key concepts from the text.  Space, Time and Motion is the second of four volumes in A Student’s Guide through the Great Physics Texts. This book grew out of a four-semester undergraduate physics curriculum designed to encourage a critical and circumspect approach to natural science, while at the same time preparing students for advanced coursework in physics.   This book is particularly suitable as a college-level textbook for students of the natural sciences, history or philosophy. It also serves as a textbook for advanced high-school students, or as a thematically-organized source-book for scholars and motivated lay-readers. In studying the classic scientific texts included herein, the reader will be drawn toward a lifetime of contemplation

Abstract/Sommario: This book provides a chronological introduction to the electromagnetic theory of light, using selected extracts from classic texts such as Gilbert’s De Magnete, Franklin’s Experiments and Observations on Electricity, and Huygens’ Treatise on Light. Particular attention is given to the works of Faraday, Maxwell and Heaviside, scientists who unified the formerly separate disciplines of electricity, magnetism and light. Their electromagnetic theory—developed during the 19th century—would ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book provides a chronological introduction to the electromagnetic theory of light, using selected extracts from classic texts such as Gilbert’s De Magnete, Franklin’s Experiments and Observations on Electricity, and Huygens’ Treatise on Light. Particular attention is given to the works of Faraday, Maxwell and Heaviside, scientists who unified the formerly separate disciplines of electricity, magnetism and light. Their electromagnetic theory—developed during the 19th century—would lead to the invention of modern radar, electrical power grids, and telecommunication networks. Each chapter of this book begins with a short introduction followed by a reading selection. Carefully crafted study questions draw out key points in the text and focus the reader’s attention on the author’s methods, analysis and conclusions. Numerical and laboratory exercises at the end of each chapter test the reader’s ability to understand and apply key concepts from the text. Electricity, Magnetism and Light is the third of four volumes in A Student’s Guide through the Great Physics Texts. This book grew out of a four-semester undergraduate physics curriculum designed to encourage a critical and circumspect approach to natural science while at the same time preparing students for advanced coursework in physics. This book is particularly suitable as a college-level textbook for students of the natural sciences, history or philosophy. It can also serve as a textbook for advanced high-school or home-schooled students, or as a thematically-organized source-book for scholars and motivated lay-readers. In studying the classic scientific texts included herein, the reader will be drawn toward a lifetime of contemplation.

Abstract/Sommario: This book provides a chronological introduction to modern atomic theory, which represented an attempt to reconcile the ancient doctrine of atomism with careful experiments—performed during the 19th century—on the flow of heat through substances and across empty space. Included herein are selections from classic texts such as Carnot’s Reflection on the Motive Power of Fire, Clausius’ Mechanical Theory of Heat, Rutherford’s Nuclear Constitution of Atoms, Planck’s Atomic Theory of Matter, ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book provides a chronological introduction to modern atomic theory, which represented an attempt to reconcile the ancient doctrine of atomism with careful experiments—performed during the 19th century—on the flow of heat through substances and across empty space. Included herein are selections from classic texts such as Carnot’s Reflection on the Motive Power of Fire, Clausius’ Mechanical Theory of Heat, Rutherford’s Nuclear Constitution of Atoms, Planck’s Atomic Theory of Matter, and Heisenberg’s Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Theory. Each chapter begins with a short introduction followed by a reading selection. Carefully crafted study questions draw out key points in the text and focus the reader’s attention on the author’s methods, analysis and conclusions. Numerical and laboratory exercises at the end of each chapter test the reader’s ability to understand and apply key concepts from the text. Heat, Radiation and Quanta is the last of four volumes in A Student’s Guide through the Great Physics Texts. The book comes from a four-semester undergraduate physics curriculum designed to encourage a critical and circumspect approach to natural science while at the same time preparing students for advanced coursework in physics. This book is particularly suitable as a college-level textbook for students of the natural sciences, history or philosophy. It might also serve as a textbook for advanced high-school or home-schooled students, or as a thematically-organized source-book for scholars and motivated lay-readers. In studying the classic scientific texts included herein, the reader will be drawn toward a lifetime of contemplation

Abstract/Sommario: This thesis reports on investigations of a specific collective mode of nuclear vibration, the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR), the nuclear "breathing mode", the energy of which is directly related to a fundamental property of nuclei—the nuclear incompressibility. The alpha inelastic scattering experiments reported in this thesis have been critical to answering some fundamental questions about nuclear incompressibility and the symmetry energy, quantities that are crucial to o ...; [Leggi tutto...] This thesis reports on investigations of a specific collective mode of nuclear vibration, the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR), the nuclear "breathing mode", the energy of which is directly related to a fundamental property of nuclei—the nuclear incompressibility. The alpha inelastic scattering experiments reported in this thesis have been critical to answering some fundamental questions about nuclear incompressibility and the symmetry energy, quantities that are crucial to our understanding of a number of phenomena in nuclear physics and astrophysics, including collective excitations in nuclei, radii of neutron stars, and the nature of stellar collapse and supernova explosions. The work described included three sets of experiments and subsequent sophisticated data analysis, both leading to results that have been welcomed by the community and recognised as important contributions to the field

Abstract/Sommario: 1. Introduction.-  2. From one to many electrons -- 3. Relativistic nonlinear waves in plasmas -- 4. Electron acceleration -- 6. Photon acceleration and relativistic engineering. - The continuous trend towards higher and higher laser intensities has opened the way to new physical regimes and advanced applications of laser-plasma interactions, thus stimulating novel connections with ultrafast optics, astrophysics, particle physics, and biomedical applications. This book is primarily ori ...; [Leggi tutto...] 1. Introduction.-  2. From one to many electrons -- 3. Relativistic nonlinear waves in plasmas -- 4. Electron acceleration -- 6. Photon acceleration and relativistic engineering. - The continuous trend towards higher and higher laser intensities has opened the way to new physical regimes and advanced applications of laser-plasma interactions, thus stimulating novel connections with ultrafast optics, astrophysics, particle physics, and biomedical applications. This book is primarily oriented towards students and young researchers who need to acquire rapidly a basic knowledge of this active and rapidly changing research field. To this aim, the presentation is focused on a selection of basic models and inspiring examples, and includes topics which emerged recently such as ion acceleration, "relativistic engineering" and radiation friction. The contents are presented in a self-contained way assuming only a basic knowledge of classical electrodynamics, mechanics and relativistic dynamics at the undergraduate (Bachelor) level, without requiring any previous knowledge of plasma physics. Hence, the book may serve in several ways: as a compact textbook for lecture courses, as a short and accessible introduction for the newcomer, as a quick reference for the experienced researcher, and also as an introduction to some nonlinear mathematical methods through examples of their application to laser-plasma modeling

Abstract/Sommario: Dedication -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- List of Figures -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Introduction -- The Zodiacal Light, The Phenomenon -- Preparations and experimental details 1971-1974 -- Reduction of the Data -- Interpretation of results in terms of physical models -- Current developments and future plans -- Appendix 1 program ZLPLT -- Appendix 2 programs LSQFIT, GAUSSN -- Appendix 3 programs POLYPT, FLEXPT, MINIPT, MINIPS, GAUSPT -- Appendix 4 programs STREAM, CONVL -- Ap ...; [Leggi tutto...] Dedication -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- List of Figures -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Introduction -- The Zodiacal Light, The Phenomenon -- Preparations and experimental details 1971-1974 -- Reduction of the Data -- Interpretation of results in terms of physical models -- Current developments and future plans -- Appendix 1 program ZLPLT -- Appendix 2 programs LSQFIT, GAUSSN -- Appendix 3 programs POLYPT, FLEXPT, MINIPT, MINIPS, GAUSPT -- Appendix 4 programs STREAM, CONVL -- Appendix 5 Hicks, May & Reay NATURE paper, 1972 -- Appendix 6 Hicks, May & Reay MNRAS paper, 1974 -- References. - The Zodiacal Light, that misty diffuse cone of light seen in the West after Sunset and the East before Sunrise, is a beautiful and intriguing phenomenon. Even though everyone can enjoy the sight from a suitably dark location, it is poorly understood, and has been the subject of relatively little research. Brian May began his research into the subject in 1970, and was finally awarded his PhD in 2007, after a hiatus of more than 30 years pursuing his other career as guitarist with his rock band Queen. This book is Brian’s thesis, and as such presents the results of his research for astronomers

Abstract/Sommario: From Trajectories to Ensembles in Classical Mechanics -- Dynamics of Open Classical Systems -- Elements of Quantum Mechanics -- Optics and Quantum Mechanics -- Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems -- Quantum Mechanics with Trajectories -- Trajectories in Optics -- Calculus of Variations -- Stochastic processes. - Trajectory-based formalisms are an intuitively appealing way of describing quantum processes because they allow the use of "classical" concepts. Beginning at an introductory leve ...; [Leggi tutto...] From Trajectories to Ensembles in Classical Mechanics -- Dynamics of Open Classical Systems -- Elements of Quantum Mechanics -- Optics and Quantum Mechanics -- Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems -- Quantum Mechanics with Trajectories -- Trajectories in Optics -- Calculus of Variations -- Stochastic processes. - Trajectory-based formalisms are an intuitively appealing way of describing quantum processes because they allow the use of "classical" concepts. Beginning at an introductory level suitable for students, this two-volume monograph presents (1) the fundamentals and (2) the applications of the trajectory description of basic quantum processes. This first volume is focussed on the classical and quantum background necessary to understand the fundamentals of Bohmian mechanics, which can be considered the main topic of this work. Extensions of the formalism to the fields of open quantum systems and to optics are also proposed and discussed

Abstract/Sommario: Trajectory-based formalisms are an intuitively appealing way of describing quantum processes because they allow the use of "classical" concepts. Beginning as an introductory level suitable for students, this two-volume monograph presents (1) the fundamentals and (2) the applications of the trajectory description of basic quantum processes. This second volume is focussed on simple and basic applications of quantum processes such as interference and diffraction of wave packets, tunneling ...; [Leggi tutto...] Trajectory-based formalisms are an intuitively appealing way of describing quantum processes because they allow the use of "classical" concepts. Beginning as an introductory level suitable for students, this two-volume monograph presents (1) the fundamentals and (2) the applications of the trajectory description of basic quantum processes. This second volume is focussed on simple and basic applications of quantum processes such as interference and diffraction of wave packets, tunneling, diffusion and bound-state and scattering problems. The corresponding analysis is carried out within the Bohmian framework. By stressing its interpretational aspects, the book leads the reader to an alternative and complementary way to better understand the underlying quantum dynamics

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction -- Astronomy as a Hobby -- Choosing an LXD Telescope -- Setting Up the Telescope -- Polar Alignment and Goto Setup -- First Night's Observing -- Telescope Operations, Abilities and Observing Techniques -- The Universe at a Touch of a Button -- Connecting to a Personal Computer -- Taking Images -- Keeping Your Telescope in Peak Condition -- Gadgets and Gizmos -- Where Did It All Go Wrong -- Appendices. - This is a fully comprehensive guide to "choosing and using" the LXD55 ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction -- Astronomy as a Hobby -- Choosing an LXD Telescope -- Setting Up the Telescope -- Polar Alignment and Goto Setup -- First Night's Observing -- Telescope Operations, Abilities and Observing Techniques -- The Universe at a Touch of a Button -- Connecting to a Personal Computer -- Taking Images -- Keeping Your Telescope in Peak Condition -- Gadgets and Gizmos -- Where Did It All Go Wrong -- Appendices. - This is a fully comprehensive guide to "choosing and using" the LXD55 / 75 computer-controlled – "go to" – series of telescopes. It is intended both for beginners and more advanced practical amateur astronomers. The LXD series of telescopes is unusual in having German Equatorial Mounts – GEMs – rather than the more common altazimuth design. Although setting up a GEM with a go-to system is more involved than setting up the equivalent altazimuth mount, there are many advantages in the system, including zero field rotation. A User’s Guide to the Meade LXD55 and LXD75 Telescopes contains a wealth of information on setting up, using and maintaining the telescope, along with lots of hints, tips, and tricks for getting the very best out of it. Coverage in advanced techniques for experienced astronomers and LXD users include imaging, interfacing with a PC or laptop, using available accessories, and troubleshooting

Abstract/Sommario: Preface -- Chapter 1: Observing Plans and Techniques -- Chapter 2: Accessories and "Pimping" Your 'Scope -- Chapter 3: Sketching -- Constellation Observing Lists and Photos -- Observation Records -- Recommended Texts -- Index of Objects -- Index. - How many times have you ‘found’ a deep sky object (DSO), ticked it off the list, and moved on, or used the ‘Tour’ function on your GO-TO ‘scope and said, ‘Oh that’s a just a smudge’ or ‘Can’t see it – I’ll move on to the next one.’ If this h ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface -- Chapter 1: Observing Plans and Techniques -- Chapter 2: Accessories and "Pimping" Your 'Scope -- Chapter 3: Sketching -- Constellation Observing Lists and Photos -- Observation Records -- Recommended Texts -- Index of Objects -- Index. - How many times have you ‘found’ a deep sky object (DSO), ticked it off the list, and moved on, or used the ‘Tour’ function on your GO-TO ‘scope and said, ‘Oh that’s a just a smudge’ or ‘Can’t see it – I’ll move on to the next one.’ If this has happened to you, then this book is for you. It will challenge you to go back to the ‘smudge’ and really look. Can you see the faint wisp or the detail in the southeastern corner? Can you see the small cluster within the cluster? Try to classify the open cluster for yourself. Compare it to the ‘accepted’ Trumpler classification. Whether you have a GO-TO ‘scope or not, this book gets you to rediscover one of the great things that got you into this hobby in the first place – looking through the eyepiece of a telescope. So pack away the DSLR, CCD camera, the guide ‘scope, and laptop and open your pencil case! You’re in for some fun!

Abstract/Sommario: This book covers high-transition temperature (Tc) s-wave superconductivity and the neighboring Mott insulating phase in alkali-doped fullerides. The author presents (1) a unified theoretical description of the phase diagram and (2) a nonempirical calculation of Tc. For these purposes, the author employs an extension of the DFT+DMFT (density-functional theory + dynamical mean-field theory). He constructs a realistic electron–phonon-coupled Hamiltonian with a newly formulated downfolding ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book covers high-transition temperature (Tc) s-wave superconductivity and the neighboring Mott insulating phase in alkali-doped fullerides. The author presents (1) a unified theoretical description of the phase diagram and (2) a nonempirical calculation of Tc. For these purposes, the author employs an extension of the DFT+DMFT (density-functional theory + dynamical mean-field theory). He constructs a realistic electron–phonon-coupled Hamiltonian with a newly formulated downfolding method. The Hamiltonian is analyzed by means of the extended DMFT. A notable aspect of the approach is that it requires only the crystal structure as a priori knowledge. Remarkably, the nonempirical calculation achieves for the first time a quantitative reproduction of the experimental phase diagram including the superconductivity and the Mott phase. The calculated Tc agrees well with the experimental data, with the difference within 10 K. The book provides details of the computational scheme, which can also be applied to other superconductors and other phonon-related topics. The author clearly describes a superconducting mechanism where the Coulomb and electron­–phonon interactions show an unusual cooperation in the superconductivity thanks to the Jahn–Teller nature of the phonons

Abstract/Sommario: This volume provides both an update and a review of the state of alternative theories of gravity, in connection with the issue of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Different theoretical proposals explain the acceleration in cosmic expansion, generating the dark energy issue and opening the possibilities of alternative theories of gravity (besides general relativity). Related issues, such as the problem of dark matter, are also surveyed in order to give the readers profound ins ...; [Leggi tutto...] This volume provides both an update and a review of the state of alternative theories of gravity, in connection with the issue of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Different theoretical proposals explain the acceleration in cosmic expansion, generating the dark energy issue and opening the possibilities of alternative theories of gravity (besides general relativity). Related issues, such as the problem of dark matter, are also surveyed in order to give the readers profound insight on the subject from different points of view. Comprised of short talks and plenary lectures given by leading experts in the field, some of them with brilliant and historic contributions, this book allows the reader to find referenced surveys in topics like f(R) theories, the dark matter and dark energy issues, Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) scenarios, f(T) theories, scalar-tensor theories derived from non-Riemannian geometries, emergent universes, the cosmological constant and other topics of current interest for physicists and graduate students. These proceedings are from the Fourth International Meeting on Gravitation and Cosmology, held in Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, from 20 - 25 May, 2012, and were sponsored by ICTP- Trieste, Italy and COECyTJAL-Universidad de Guadalajara, México. This event is a series of scientific meetings that was started in 2004 in Cuba, focusing on current and selected topics in the fields of gravitation and cosmology

Abstract/Sommario: This book presents the developments in accelerator physics and technology implemented at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, the world’s most powerful accelerator for almost twenty years prior to the completion of the Large Hadron Collider. The book covers the history of collider operation and upgrades, novel arrangements of beam optics and methods of orbit control, antiproton production and cooling, beam instabilities and feedback systems, halo collimation, and advanced beam inst ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book presents the developments in accelerator physics and technology implemented at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, the world’s most powerful accelerator for almost twenty years prior to the completion of the Large Hadron Collider. The book covers the history of collider operation and upgrades, novel arrangements of beam optics and methods of orbit control, antiproton production and cooling, beam instabilities and feedback systems, halo collimation, and advanced beam instrumentation. The topics discussed show the complexity and breadth of the issues associated with modern hadron accelerators, while providing a systematic approach needed in the design and construction of next generation colliders. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in high energy physics and can serve as an introduction for students studying the beam physics of colliders

Abstract/Sommario: Neutrinos can arguably be labeled as the most fascinating elementary particles known as their small but non-zero rest mass points to new mass generating mechanisms beyond the Standard Model, and also assigns primordial neutrinos from the Big Bang a distinct role in shaping the evolution of large-scale structures in the universe. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction. Th ...; [Leggi tutto...] Neutrinos can arguably be labeled as the most fascinating elementary particles known as their small but non-zero rest mass points to new mass generating mechanisms beyond the Standard Model, and also assigns primordial neutrinos from the Big Bang a distinct role in shaping the evolution of large-scale structures in the universe. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction. This thesis reports major contributions to developing and implementing new laser-spectroscopic precision tools to continuously monitor the isotope content of the windowless gaseous tritium source of KATRIN. The method of choice, Raman spectroscopy, is ideally suited for in-situ monitoring of all six hydrogen isotopologues. In a series of beautiful experiments the author obtained two independent novel calibration methods, first based on a comparison of experimental Raman depolarization ratios with corresponding quantum-chemical calculations, and second on a gas sampling technique. Both methods yield consistent cross-calibration results and, as well as yielding improvements in precision, will be of major importance in reducing systematic effects in long-term neutrino mass measurements. The methods developed in this thesis also have great potential to further broaden the applications of Raman spectroscopy to study extended sources such as in atmospheric physics. 

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction to Phononic Crystals and Acoustic Metamaterials -- Discrete One-Dimensional Phononic and Resonant Crystals -- One-Dimensional Phononic Crystals -- 2d-3d Phononic Crystals -- Dynamic Mass Density and Acoustic Metamaterials -- Damped Phononic Crystals and Acoustic Metamaterials -- Nonlinear Periodic Phononic Structures and Granular Crystals -- Tunable Phononic Crystals and Metamaterials -- Nanoscale Phononic Crystals and Structures -- Phononic Band Structures and Transmissio ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction to Phononic Crystals and Acoustic Metamaterials -- Discrete One-Dimensional Phononic and Resonant Crystals -- One-Dimensional Phononic Crystals -- 2d-3d Phononic Crystals -- Dynamic Mass Density and Acoustic Metamaterials -- Damped Phononic Crystals and Acoustic Metamaterials -- Nonlinear Periodic Phononic Structures and Granular Crystals -- Tunable Phononic Crystals and Metamaterials -- Nanoscale Phononic Crystals and Structures -- Phononic Band Structures and Transmission Coefficients:  Methods and Approaches. - This comprehensive book presents all aspects of acoustic metamaterials and phononic crystals. The emphasis is on acoustic wave propagation phenomena at interfaces such as refraction, especially unusual refractive properties and negative refraction. A thorough discussion of the mechanisms leading to such refractive phenomena includes local resonances in metamaterials and scattering in phononic crystals

Abstract/Sommario: The International Acoustical Imaging Symposium has been held continuously since 1968 as a unique forum for advanced research, promoting the sharing of technology, developments, methods and theory among all areas of acoustics. The interdisciplinary nature of the Symposium and the wide international participation are two of its main strengths. Scientists from around the world present their papers in an informal environment conducive to lively discussion and cross-fertilization. The fact ...; [Leggi tutto...] The International Acoustical Imaging Symposium has been held continuously since 1968 as a unique forum for advanced research, promoting the sharing of technology, developments, methods and theory among all areas of acoustics. The interdisciplinary nature of the Symposium and the wide international participation are two of its main strengths. Scientists from around the world present their papers in an informal environment conducive to lively discussion and cross-fertilization. The fact that a loyal community of scientists has supported this Series since 1968 is evidence of its impact on the field. The Symposium Series continues to thrive in a busy calendar of scientific meetings without the infrastructure of a professional society. It does so because those who attend and those who rely on the Proceedings as a well-known reference work acknowledge its value. This Volume 28 of the Proceedings likewise contains an excellent collection of papers presented in six major categories, offering both a broad perspective on the state-of-the-art in the field as well as an in-depth look at its leading edge research. Audience: Researchers, industrial scientists, clinicians, graduate students interested in using acoustics for all aspects of imaging

Abstract/Sommario: The 29th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging was held in Shonan Village, Kanagawa, Japan, April 15-18, 2007. This interdisciplinary Symposium has been taking place every two years since 1968 and forms a unique forum for advanced research, covering new technologies, developments, methods and theories in all areas of acoustics. In the course of the years the volumes in the Acoustical Imaging Series have developed and become well-known and appreciated reference works. Offering b ...; [Leggi tutto...] The 29th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging was held in Shonan Village, Kanagawa, Japan, April 15-18, 2007. This interdisciplinary Symposium has been taking place every two years since 1968 and forms a unique forum for advanced research, covering new technologies, developments, methods and theories in all areas of acoustics. In the course of the years the volumes in the Acoustical Imaging Series have developed and become well-known and appreciated reference works. Offering both a broad perspective on the state-of-the-art in the field as well as an in-depth look at its leading edge research, this Volume 29 in the Series contains again an excellent collection of seventy papers presented in nine major categories: Strain Imaging Biological and Medical Applications Acoustic Microscopy Non-Destructive Evaluation and Industrial Applications Components and Systems Geophysics and Underwater Imaging Physics and Mathematics Medical Image Analysis FDTD method and Other Numerical Simulations Audience Researchers, industrial scientists, clinicians, graduate students interested in using acoustics for all aspects of imaging

Abstract/Sommario: Preface. Part I BIOMEDICAL IMAGING Performance of a Method to Standardize Breast Ultrasound Interpretation Using Image Processing and Case-Based Reasoning -- High Resolution Ultrasonic Method for 3D Fingerprint Recognizable Characteristics In Biometrics Identification -- Ultrasonic Detection of Metastases in Dissected Lymph Nodes of Cancer Patients -- Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue with Ultrasound Vibrometry -- Vector Doppler Method Based on an Automatic Transverse ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface. Part I BIOMEDICAL IMAGING Performance of a Method to Standardize Breast Ultrasound Interpretation Using Image Processing and Case-Based Reasoning -- High Resolution Ultrasonic Method for 3D Fingerprint Recognizable Characteristics In Biometrics Identification -- Ultrasonic Detection of Metastases in Dissected Lymph Nodes of Cancer Patients -- Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue with Ultrasound Vibrometry -- Vector Doppler Method Based on an Automatic Transverse Angle Tracking Procedure -- Proposal for Blood-Flow Imaging by Contrast Echo Using Counter-Crossed Beams -- Inverse Scattering Theory -- Inverse Scattering Results -- Multiple Scattering Contribution to Trabecular Bone Backscatter -- ULA-OP:  A Fully Open Ultrasound Imaging/Doppler System -- The Use of Quality Metrics in Ultrasonic Strain Imaging -- Applying Echoes Mean Frequency Shift for Attenuation Imaging in Tissue. Part II ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY Visualization of Microvessels in Skin by Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Microscope      -- Technique for Visualization of Anisotropy of Biomedical Tissue by Shear Wave Acoustic Microscopy -- High Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Cartilage-Bone Complex -- Ultra-High Resolution Thin Film Thickness Delineation Using Reflection Phase-Sensitive Acoustic Microscopy -- Signal Processing for Time-Lapse Cell Imaging with Vector-Colntrast Scanning Acoustic Microscopy -- Acoustic Microscopy Study of Properties and Microstructure of Synthetic and Natural Fiber Composite Materials. Part III non-destructive evaluation A  Defect Localization Procedure Based on Warped Lamb Waves -- Second Harmonic Detection Generated from Fastened Bolt.-  In-line Ultrasonic Array System for Monitoring Dynamic of  Coating Forming by Cold Spray Process -- An Experimental Comparison of Thermographic and Acoustical Methods for Evaluation of Layered Structures -- Acoustic Microscope Inspection of Cylindrical Butt Laser Welds. Part IV systems analysis Intracardiac Forward-Looking Ultrasound Imaging Catheters Using Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers -- Conformal Ultrasound Imaging System -- Air-Coupled Vibrometry -- A Hybrid Kirchoff Migration Direction-of-Arrival Method for Underwater Imaging of Complex Objects Using Sparse Sensor Arrays -- Multi-View Acoustic Sizing and Classification of Individual Fish -- Acoustic Image Models for Obstacle Avoidance with Forward-Looking Sonar -- Underwater Acoustical Imaging and Sensing Systems for Homing, Docking, Navigation and Collision Avoidance. Part V signal analysis and image processing Resolving the Location of Acoustic Point Sources Scattered Due to the Presence of a Skull Phantom -- Reflection and Scattering of Acoustical Waves from a Discontinuity in Absorption -- Automatic Regions of Interest Segmentation for Computer Aided Classification of Prostate TRUS Images -- Determination of B/A of Biological Media by Measuring and Modeling Nonlinear Distortion of Pulsed Acoustic Wave in  Two-Layer System of Media -- A Consideration of Multi-Dimensional Simulation of Nonlinear Acoustic Wave Propagation Using the CIP Method -- A Study of Similarity Measures for In Vivo 3D Ultrasound Volume Registration -- Image Quality Improvement Performance Using the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique Data -- Expectation Maximization for Joint Deconvolution and Statistics Estimation -- Particle Swarm Optimization for In Vivo 3D Ultrasound Volume Registration -- Gauge Theory Formulation of Acoustical Imaging -- High Resolution Pulse Compression Imaging Using Super Resolution FM-Chirp Correlation Method (SCM) -- Medical Ultrasound Image Deconvolution -- Numerical and Physical Modeling of Tomography Process  Based on Third-Order Nonlinear Acoustical Effects.  EPILOGUE Subject Index Author Index. - The International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging is a unique forum for advanced research, covering new technologies, developments, methods and theories in all areas of acoustics. This interdisciplinary Symposium has been taking place every two years since 1968. In the course of the years the proceedings volumes in the Acoustical Imaging Series have become a reference for cutting-edge research in the field. In 2009 the 30th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging was held in Monterey, CA, USA, March 1-4. Offering both a broad perspective on the state-of-the-art as well as  in-depth research contributions by the specialists in the field, this Volume 30 in the Series contains an excellent collection of forty three papers presented in five major categories: Biomedical Imaging Acoustic Microscopy Non-Destructive Evaluation Systems Analysis Signal Analysis and Image Processing Audience Researchers in medical imaging and biomedical instrumentation experts

Abstract/Sommario: Part 1: Biological and Medical Imaging -- Part 2: Physics and Mathematics of Acoustical Imaging -- Part 3: Acoustic Microscopy -- Part 4: Transducers and Arrays -- Part 5: Nondestructive Evaluation and Industrial Applications -- Part 6: Underwater Imaging. - The International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging is a unique forum for advanced research, covering new technologies, developments, methods and theories in all areas of acoustics. This interdisciplinary Symposium has been taking pl ...; [Leggi tutto...] Part 1: Biological and Medical Imaging -- Part 2: Physics and Mathematics of Acoustical Imaging -- Part 3: Acoustic Microscopy -- Part 4: Transducers and Arrays -- Part 5: Nondestructive Evaluation and Industrial Applications -- Part 6: Underwater Imaging. - The International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging is a unique forum for advanced research, covering new technologies, developments, methods and theories in all areas of acoustics. This interdisciplinary Symposium has been taking place continuously since 1968. In the course of the years the proceedings volumes in the Acoustical Imaging Series have become a reference for cutting-edge research in the field. In 2011 the 31st International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging was held in Warsaw, Poland, April 10-13. Offering both a broad perspective on the state-of-the-art as well as  in-depth research contributions by the specialists in the field, this Volume 31 in the Series contains an excellent collection of papers in six major categories: Biological and Medical Imaging Physics and Mathematics of Acoustical Imaging Acoustic Microscopy Transducers and Arrays Nondestructive Evaluation and Industrial Applications Underwater Imaging

Abstract/Sommario: 1. Head-Related Stereophony -- 2. Powerful Onset of Reverberation -- 3. Definition of Diffuseness -- 4. Theory of Drift Thresholds -- 5. Loudness and Diffuseness. - When one listens to music at home, one would like to have an acoustic impression close to that of being in the concert hall. Until recently this meant elaborate multi-channelled sound systems with 5 or more speakers. But head-related stereophony achieves the surround-sound effect in living rooms with only two loudspeakers. ...; [Leggi tutto...] 1. Head-Related Stereophony -- 2. Powerful Onset of Reverberation -- 3. Definition of Diffuseness -- 4. Theory of Drift Thresholds -- 5. Loudness and Diffuseness. - When one listens to music at home, one would like to have an acoustic impression close to that of being in the concert hall. Until recently this meant elaborate multi-channelled sound systems with 5 or more speakers. But head-related stereophony achieves the surround-sound effect in living rooms with only two loudspeakers. By virtue of their slight directivity as well as an electronic filter the limitations previously common to two-speaker systems can be overcome and this holds for any arbitrary two-channel recording. The book also investigates the question of how a wide and diffuse sound image can arise in concert halls and shows that the quality of concert halls decisively depends on diffuse sound images arising in the onset of reverberation. For this purpose a strong onset of reverberation is modified in an anechoic chamber by electroacoustic means. Acoustics and Hearing proposes ideas concerning signal processing in the auditory system that explain the measured results and the resultant sound effects pleasing to the audience

Abstract/Sommario: Introduction to Acoustics -- Structure of Musical Sounds -- Tonal Characteristics of Musical Instruments -- Directional Characteristics of Musical Instruments -- Foundations of Room Acoustics -- Acoustic Characteristics of Old and New Performance Spaces -- Seating Arrangement in the Concert Hall -- Acoustical Viewpoints for Number of Performers and Performance Technique -- Acoustic Problems in the Opera House -- Color Plates -- Appendix -- References -- Name- and Composition Index -- T ...; [Leggi tutto...] Introduction to Acoustics -- Structure of Musical Sounds -- Tonal Characteristics of Musical Instruments -- Directional Characteristics of Musical Instruments -- Foundations of Room Acoustics -- Acoustic Characteristics of Old and New Performance Spaces -- Seating Arrangement in the Concert Hall -- Acoustical Viewpoints for Number of Performers and Performance Technique -- Acoustic Problems in the Opera House -- Color Plates -- Appendix -- References -- Name- and Composition Index -- Topical Index. - Acoustics and the Performance of Music connects scientific understandings of acoustics with practical applications to musical performance. Of central importance are the tonal characteristics of musical instruments and the singing voice including detailed representations of directional characteristics. Furthermore, room acoustical concerns related to concert halls and opera houses are considered. Based on this, suggestions are made for musical performance. Included are seating arrangements within the orchestra and adaptations of performance techniques to the performance environment. In the presentation we dispense with complicated mathematical connections and deliberately aim for conceptual explanations accessible to musicians, particularly for conductors. The graphical representations of the directional dependence of sound radiation by musical instruments and the singing voice are unique. Since the first edition was published in 1978, this book has been completely revised and rewritten to include current research. This translation corresponds to the latest (fifth) German edition (2004), which has become a standard reference work for audio engineers and scientists. Acoustics and the Performance of Music addresses issues that are of interest to acousticians, orchestra performers and conductors, audio engineers, architects. Researchers and students of musical acoustics will also find this text valuable

Abstract/Sommario: This book explores the life and scientific legacy of Manfred Schroeder through personal reflections, scientific essays, and Schroeder’s own memoirs. Reflecting the wide range of Schroeder’s activities, the first part of the book contains thirteen articles written by his colleagues and former students. Topics discussed include his early, pioneering contributions to the understanding of statistical room acoustics and to the measurement of reverberation time; his introduction of digital s ...; [Leggi tutto...] This book explores the life and scientific legacy of Manfred Schroeder through personal reflections, scientific essays, and Schroeder’s own memoirs. Reflecting the wide range of Schroeder’s activities, the first part of the book contains thirteen articles written by his colleagues and former students. Topics discussed include his early, pioneering contributions to the understanding of statistical room acoustics and to the measurement of reverberation time; his introduction of digital signal processing methods into acoustics; his use of ray tracing methods to study sound decay in rooms; and his achievements in echo and feedback suppression and in noise reduction. Other chapters cover his seminal research in speech processing including the use of predictive coding to reduce audio bandwidth which led to various code-excited linear prediction schemes, today used extensively for speech coding. Several chapters discuss Schroeder’s work in low-peak factor signals, number theory, and maximum-length sequences with key applications in hearing research, diffraction gratings, artificial reverberators, and de-correlation techniques for enhancing subjective envelopment in surround sound. In style, the articles range from truly scientific to conversationally personal. In all contributions, the relationship between the current research presented and Manfred Schroeder’s own fields of interest is, in general, evident. The second part of the book consists of Schroeder’s own memoirs, written over the final decade of his life. These recollections shed light on many aspects not only of Schroeder’s life but also on that of many of his colleagues, friends, and contemporaries. They portray political, social, and scientific events over a period that extends from pre-war to the present. These memoirs, written in an inimitable and witty style, are full of information, entertaining, and fun to read, providing key insight into the life and work of one of the greatest acousticians of the 20th century. Reflects on the life, work, and legacy of one of the greatest acousticians of the 20th century Features articles by leading researchers on the implications of Schroeder’s research today Covers a wide range of topics, from room acoustics, noise reduction, physical acoustics, and underwater acoustics to transducers, speech signal processing, and number-theory applications

Abstract/Sommario: During the past century, world-wide energy consumption has risen dramatically, which leads to a quest for new energy sources. Fusion of hydrogen atoms in hot plasmas is an attractive approach to solve the energy problem, with abundant fuel, inherent safety and no long-lived radioactivity.  However, one of the limits on plasma performance is due to the various classes of magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities that may occur. The physics and control of these instabilities in modern magnetic ...; [Leggi tutto...] During the past century, world-wide energy consumption has risen dramatically, which leads to a quest for new energy sources. Fusion of hydrogen atoms in hot plasmas is an attractive approach to solve the energy problem, with abundant fuel, inherent safety and no long-lived radioactivity.  However, one of the limits on plasma performance is due to the various classes of magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities that may occur. The physics and control of these instabilities in modern magnetic confinement fusion devices is the subject of this book. Written by foremost experts, the contributions will provide valuable reference and up-to-date research reviews for "old hands" and newcomers alike

Abstract/Sommario: This thesis investigates the effect of the magnetic field on propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), or surface plasmons for short. Above all, it focuses on using the magnetic field as an external agent to modify the properties of the SPPs, and therefore achieving active devices. Surface plasmons are evanescent waves that arise at metal–dielectric interfaces. They can be strongly confined (beyond the light diffraction limit), and provide a strong enhancement of the electromagnet ...; [Leggi tutto...] This thesis investigates the effect of the magnetic field on propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), or surface plasmons for short. Above all, it focuses on using the magnetic field as an external agent to modify the properties of the SPPs, and therefore achieving active devices. Surface plasmons are evanescent waves that arise at metal–dielectric interfaces. They can be strongly confined (beyond the light diffraction limit), and provide a strong enhancement of the electromagnetic field at the interface. These waves have led to the development of plasmonic circuitry, which is a key candidate as an alternative to electronic circuitry and traditional optical telecommunication devices, since it is faster than the former and less bulky than the latter. Adopting both a theoretical and an experimental point of view, the book analyzes the magnetic modulation in SPPs by means of an interferometer engraved in a multilayer combining Au and Co. In this interferometer, which acts like a modulator, the SPP magnetic modulation is studied in detail, as are the parameters that have a relevant impact on it, simple ways to enhance it, its spectral dependence, and the highly promising possibility of using this system for biosensing. The thesis ultimately arrives at the conclusion that this method can provide values of modulations similar to other active methods used in plasmonics.

Abstract/Sommario: Preface -- Adaptive Networks -- Part I: Real-World Examples of Adaptive Networks -- Part II: Self-Organization of Adaptive Networks -- Part III: Contact Processes and Epidemiology on Adaptive Networks -- Part IV: Social Games on Adaptive Networks -- Part V: Graph-Rewriting-Based Approaches. - With adaptive, complex networks, the evolution of the network topology and the dynamical processes on the network are equally important and often fundamentally entangled. Recent research has shown ...; [Leggi tutto...] Preface -- Adaptive Networks -- Part I: Real-World Examples of Adaptive Networks -- Part II: Self-Organization of Adaptive Networks -- Part III: Contact Processes and Epidemiology on Adaptive Networks -- Part IV: Social Games on Adaptive Networks -- Part V: Graph-Rewriting-Based Approaches. - With adaptive, complex networks, the evolution of the network topology and the dynamical processes on the network are equally important and often fundamentally entangled. Recent research has shown that such networks can exhibit a plethora of new phenomena which are ultimately required to describe many real-world networks. Some of those phenomena include robust self-organization towards dynamical criticality, formation of complex global topologies based on simple, local rules, and the spontaneous division of "labor" in which an initially homogenous population of network nodes self-organizes into functionally distinct classes. These are just a few. This book is a state-of-the-art survey of those unique networks. In it, leading researchers set out to define the future scope and direction of some of the most advanced developments in the vast field of complex network science and its applications