An Introduction to Complex Systems : Society, Ecology, and Nonlinear Dynamics

1 Introduction -- 2 Global Warming and Climate Change -- Further Reading -- 3 Systems Theory -- 3.1 Systems & Boundaries -- 3.2 Systems & Thermodynamics.-3.3 Systems of Systems -- Case Study 3: Nutrient Flows, Irrigation, and Desertification -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 4 Dynamic Systems -- 4.1 System State -- 4.2 Randomness -- 4.3 Analysis -- 4.3.1 Correlation -- 4.3.2 Stationarity -- 4.3.3 Transformations -- Case Study 4: Water Levels of the Oceans and Great Lakes -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 5 Linear Systems -- 5.1 Linearity -- 5.2 Modes -- 5.3 System Coupling -- 5.4 Dynamics -- 5.5 Non-Normal Systems -- Case Study 5: System Decoupling -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 6 Nonlinear Dynamic Systems – Uncoupled -- 6.1 Simple Dynamics -- 6.2 Bifurcations -- 6.3 Hysteresis and Catastrophes -- 6.4 System Behaviour near Folds -- 6.5 Overview -- Case Study 6: Climate and Hysteresis -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 7 Nonlinear Dynamic Systems – Coupled.-7.1 Linearization -- 7.2 2D Nonlinear Systems -- 7.3 Limit Cycles and Bifurcations -- Case Study 7: Geysers, Earthquakes, and Limit Cycles -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 8 Spatial Systems -- 8.1 PDEs -- 8.2 PDEs & Earth Systems -- 8.3 Discretization -- 8.4 Spatial Continuous-State Models -- 8.5 Spatial Discrete-State Models -- 8.6 Agent Models -- Case Study 8: Global circulation models -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 9 Power Laws and Non-Gaussian Systems -- 9.1 The Gaussian Distribution 9.2 The Exponential Distribution -- 9.3 Heavy Tailed Distributions -- 9.4 Sources of Power Laws -- 9.5 Synthesis and Analysis of Power Laws -- Case Study 9: Power Laws in Social Systems -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 10 Complex Systems -- 10.1 Spatial Nonlinear Models -- 10.2 Self-Organized Criticality -- 10.3 Emergence -- 10.4 Complex Systems of Systems -- Case Study 10: Complex Systems in Nature -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 11 Observation & Inference -- 11.1 Forward Models -- 11.2 Remote Measurement -- 11.3 Resolution.-11.4 Inverse Problems -- Case Study 11A: Sensing— Synthetic Aperture Radar -- Case Study 11B: Inversion— Atmospheric Temperature -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 12 Water.-12.1 Ocean Acidification -- 12.2 Ocean Garbage -- 12.3 Groundwater -- Case Study 12: Satellite Remote Sensing of the Ocean -- Further Reading -- Sample Problems -- 13 Concluding Thoughts -- Further Reading -- Part I Appendices -- Index. - Springer eBooks. - Printed edition: 9783319446059